Danielle Claude BILANDA

Computational and Experimental Validation of Anti-LPS-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Effects of Pterocarpus mildbraedii and its Compounds: Combining Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, In Vitro , and In Vivo Approaches

Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Ella Fils Armand, Danielle Claude Bilanda, A Julie, Bouguem Yandja Paule Cynthia and 7 more

Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry

Pterocarpus mildbraedii(Pm) harms is traditionally valued for its antioxidant, analgesic, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties. Some of its active metabolites can cross the BBB, are believed to enhance immunity and reduce inflammation, yet its specific effects on neuroinflammation remain underexplored. This study investigates Pm’s neuroprotective potential in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Potential AD-related targets were identified using Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, and STRING databases. Molecular docking confirmed strong interactions between key Pm constituents, such as liquiritigenin and pterocarptriol, and critical proteins including ESR1, ESR2, BACE1, and MAPK1. GO and KEGG analyses revealed relevant pathways, including nitrogen metabolism and VEGF signaling. In vitro, Pm exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, along with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). In vivo, Pm significantly attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and restoration of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GSH). Behavioral assessments showed improvements in spatial learning, exploratory activity, and anxiety-like behaviors. Overall, these findings highlight Pterocarpus mildbraedii as a promising phytotherapeutic candidate for AD, capable of mitigating behavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory responses.

• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #cholinesterase and neurodegenerative diseases
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #in vitro

Effect of the aqueous extract of Gymnema sylvestre on some metabolic disturbances in a model of insulin resistant induced by dexamethasone and high sucrose diet on rat

Barnabé Lucien Nkono Ya Nkono, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Balthazar TCHEUDI, Georges Ramone Adinga Abéga, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Sélestin SOKENG and 1 more

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

• The results of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of Gymnema sylvestre (AEGS) exhibited hypoglycemic activity in dexamethasone and high sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance rats. • AEGS has antioxidant activity by reducing tissue malondialdehyde levels (liver and kidney) and maintaining high levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, and tissue proteins in dexamethasone and high sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance rats. • AEGS reduces hepatic and renal transaminase levels in dexamethasone and high sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance rats. • AEGS regulates serum lipid profile parameters by lowering triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels and increasing HDL cholesterol levels in dexamethasone and high sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance rats. • The results of this study also indicate that AEGS showed a correction of several histopathological alterations changes in the high sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance rats in the liver (leukocyte infiltrations) and kidney (Hypertrophied tubular cells). Insulin resistance (IR) is when cells don’t respond well to insulin and can’t easily take up glucose from the blood. Such situation may lead to chronic hyperglycemia and even diabetes. Gymnema sylvestre aqueous extract is known in traditional Chinese medicine for its hypoglycemic activity. Some studies suggest that gymnemic acids, triterpene glucosides, and saponins may be responsible for this plant's impact on blood glucose regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Gymnema sylvestre aqueous extract (AEGS) on rat model of IR. IR was induced in male Wistar rats aged between 5 and 6 weeks by a high sucrose diet during 20 weeks then an intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (4mg/kg) once daily during 7 consecutive days. IR rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each and received orally the different treatments as follows: a negative IR control group (NC-IR) received distilled water (10mL/kg), a positive IR control group (PC-IR) received metformin (200mg/kg), three experimental groups received AEGS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively). The different treatments were administered for 14 days. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed after urine collection; serum and homogenates from liver kidney and pancreas were prepared for biochemical analysis and histology. Compared to NC-IR, AEGS at all doses tested significantly reduced IR. It is the same for glucose, creatinine, direct bilirubin, serum transaminase total proteins and uric acid. The histopathological study revealed that AEGS restored tissues injuries induced by dexamethasone combined with high-sucrose diet, thus justifying its empirical use. The results obtained in this study suggest that AEGS have hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties.

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #diet, metabolism, and disease
• #biochemical acid research studies
• #gymnema sylvestre

Pharmacological Network, in Silico Analysis and Experimental Study of Erythrina Senegalensis (Fabaceae) Aqueous Extract Effects on Osteoporosis in Diabetic Hypertensive Rats

Ronald Bidingha A Goufani, Marie-Claire Tchamadeu, Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue, Patrick Hervé Diboue Betote and 5 more

SSRN Electronic Journal

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #fabaceae
• #aqueous extract
• #traditional medicine

Phytochemical, In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Research on Piptadeniastrum africanum (Fabaceae) Unveiling Anti‐Stereotypic, Anxiolytic, and Analgesic Effects in a Sodium Valproate‐Induced Autistic Disorders Model

A Julie, Omer Bébé Ngouateu, Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Bruno Dupon Akamba Ambamba and 5 more

Brain and Behavior

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) primarily exhibit deficits in communication and social interaction, along with repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. This disorder is often associated with anxiety, nociceptive disorders, and pain. While medical treatment generally focuses on treating the symptoms rather than addressing the underlying causes, traditional medicine is sometimes used as an alternative. Piptadeniastrum africanum is used in Cameroonian medicinal folks to treat cognitive disorders. However, its effects and mechanisms of action regarding the inhibition of ASD-like symptoms remain unclear. The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of the water extract of P. africanum on autistic triad induced in rats by sodium valproate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study investigated the secondary metabolites in P. africanum extract using UHPLC-MS. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP tests were performed to assess the extract's ability to neutralize free radicals. Molecular docking was utilized to evaluate the extract's binding to various receptors. For the experimental study, 33 pregnant female rats were divided into two groups after pregnancy was confirmed. One group was given distilled water orally at 10 mL/kg, while the other group received sodium valproate at 800 mg/kg on gestation days 11, 12, and 13. When the male offspring reached 3 weeks old, they were evaluated for anxiety, social interaction, and pain sensitivity, with those displaying any disorders selected for further study. The remaining rats were split into six groups of five and treated with either a vehicle, bumetanide, or P. africanum extract at 190 and 760 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments focusing on sociability, anxiety, and pain sensitivity were conducted on days 28 and 37 after weaning. In the end, biochemical markers related to GABA metabolism, serotonin levels, and oxidative status were analyzed in the cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala alongside histopathological analyses in the brain. RESULTS: UHPLC-MS allows us to identify several compounds. They bind to H3R (7F61) and HDAC2 through conventional hydrogen bonding. Findings showed that prenatal administration of sodium valproate induced in male offspring a deficit in social interaction (p < 0.001), anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), hypersensitivity to pain (p < 0.001), increased GABA and serotonin concentration (p < 0.001), disturbed oxidative status (p < 0.001), and neuronal loss (p < 0.001) as well as neuronal disorganization in the hippocampus, cerebellum and amygdala in young rats compared to neurotypical animals. P. africanum extract at doses used, like bumetanide, corrected these disorders and protected against neuronal loss. These results suggest that the extract has anxiolytic and anti-nociceptive effects. It has been found that the positive effects can be achieved by restoring GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, coupled with antioxidant and neuromodulatory activity. CONCLUSION: The current findings support that P. africanum induces anxiolytic and analgesic effects in a sodium valproate-induced autistic disorders model.

• #autism spectrum disorder research
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #phytochemistry medicinal plant applications
• #anxiolytic

Phytoestrogens 7-O-acetylformonetin and khrinone A from Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub. inhibit the human papillomavirus replication: An integrative immunological, chemical, and computational approach to cervical cancer prevention

Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine, Yannick Kevin Melogmo Dongmo, Ronald Bidingha A Goufani, Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Didier, Jeanne Julie Ambani Omgba and 7 more

Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry

• Khrinone A and 7-O-acetylformononetin, have strong binding affinities with the HPV16 E6 viral oncogene protein. • Khrinone A and 7-O-acetylformononetin interact with key targets and pathways in viral cancer, including E6/p53, MDM2, mTOR, and HDAC1. • Khrinone A and 7-O-acetylformononetin alter the cellular environment required by HPV for genome replication. • 7-O-acetylformononetin and Khrinone A from Pterocarpus soyauxii show potential as multitarget agents that can interfere with HPV-driven cancer processes. Cervical cancer is mainly caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16. Current therapeutic strategies are limited by their toxicity and the persistence of the virus, highlighting the need to find safer alternatives. Pterocarpus soyauxii , widely used in African ethnopharmacology, has yielded new phytoestrogens such as 7-O-acetylformononetin and khrinone A, which may have antiviral and anticancer potential . This study aimed to investigate the potential of 7-O-acetylformononetin and khrinone A to prevent HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis by targeting viral and host oncogenic proteins using integrative computational approaches. This approach limits the use of animals for experimental testing and provides valuable data on the activity of plant-derived compounds. A network pharmacology approach was applied using STRING and Metascape to identify key molecular targets and pathways. Molecular docking was performed with BC-Dock2 and BIOVIA Discovery Studio to evaluate the binding affinities of phytochemical compounds to HPV-related proteins. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses were conducted to evaluate electronic properties and stability. The central proteins analyzed included HPV16E6, MDM2, CSNK2A2, mTOR, and HDAC1 . Network pharmacology revealed strong associations with central pathways of HPV-induced carcinogenesis, notably the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, p53 regulation, and epigenetic remodeling. Docking results demonstrated high-affinity interactions between both compounds and HPV16E6 and MDM2, suggesting a stabilization of p53′s tumor-suppressive activity. Interactions with CSNK2A2 and HDAC1 indicated a potential modulation of kinase signaling and histone deacetylation. DFT analyses confirmed favorable molecular stability and drug-likeness, confirming their pharmacological potential. 7-O-acetylformononetin and khrinone A from Pterocarpus soyauxii exhibit strong potential as multitarget agents capable of interfering with HPV-mediated oncogenic processes. These results link ethnopharmacological knowledge with computational pharmacology, offering new avenues for the development of natural therapeutic agents for cervical cancer.

• #phytoestrogen effects and research
• #bioactive natural compounds
• #cancer-related molecular pathways
• #phytoestrogens

Safety Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of the Mixture of Persea americana (Lauraceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae), Fruits of Citrus medica (Rutaceae), and Honey in Wistar Rat

Mohammed Ramadan, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Marie Claire Tchamadeu, Ronald Bidingha A Goufani, Yannick Carlos Tcheutchoua, Pascal Emmanuel Owona and 5 more

Journal of Toxicology

As part of the valorization of traditional medicine drugs, toxicological studies were carried out on the mixture of the aqueous extract of Persea americana, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus medica , and honey, a traditional mixture recognized for its antihypertensive activities. The experiments were conducted following modified OECD protocols 425 and 407 for acute and subchronic toxicity tests, respectively. For the acute toxicity, rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats (3 females and 3 males). They were given 2 single different doses of aqueous extract of the mixture and distilled water (2000 and 5000 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg). They were observed for the first 24 h and during 14 days. Clinical signs and nature of feces were evaluated. Concerning the subchronic toxicity, six groups of 10 animals each (5 males and 5 females) were used for each dose. The animals of group 1 received distilled water (10 mL/kg), and the animals of groups 2, 3, and 4 received the aqueous extract of the mixture (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg). The animals of groups 5 and 6 were normal satellite control and satellite extract 600 mg/kg. They received, respectively, distilled water (10 mL/kg) and the aqueous extract of the mixture (600 mg/kg). These last two groups were observed 14 days more than the other groups after complete cessation of all treatments. Clinical signs were evaluated and marked by normal fecal matter throughout the experimental period, with a nonsignificant weight variation. After the experiment, rats were sacrificed. For the subchronic toxicity evaluation, blood samples and some organs were taken. Relative organ was calculated, and hematological and biochemical parameters were also evaluated as well as histological sections of organs (pancreas, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen). Concerning the acute toxicity, some organs such as the pancreas, lungs, liver, kidneys, and brain were taken and weighed and relative weights were calculated. Administration of the aqueous extract of the mixture daily and for 28 days at the highest dose (600 mg/kg) led to significant increases in the weight of the kidneys (16.25%; p &lt; 0.05) and lungs (58.72%; p &lt; 0.001), and on the other hand, a significant drop in the relative weight of the spleen was observed (49.87%; p &lt; 0.01). A significant increase in the level of leukocytes ( p &lt; 0.001) in animals of both sexes treated with the aqueous extract of the mixture at the highest dose was recorded. Treatment of animals with the extract at the highest dose resulted in a significant decrease in triglycerides ( p &lt; 0.05) in males. The microarchitecture of histological sections of the organs did not present any notable abnormality apart from a leukocyte shift at 600 mg/kg. The aqueous extract of this mixture is not toxic at the doses used traditionally (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg).

• #drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protection
• #hibiscus plant research studies
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #distilled water

Systems Pharmacology Approach and Experiment Evaluation Reveal Pterocarpus Mildbraedii (Fabaceae) Intervention for Counteracting Behavioral Changes and Neuroinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers Against Lps-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats

Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Armand Fils Ella, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Paule Cynthia Bouguem Yandja, Georges Michel Bindzi and 1 more

SSRN Electronic Journal

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #alzheimer's disease research and treatments
• #oxidative stress

Design, isolation, synthesis, and mechanistic insight of flavonoids isolated from Beilschmiedia obscura, as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors

Suzanne L. Nyemeck, Kenneth O. Eyong, Ronald à Goufani Bidingha, Michael H. K. Kamdem, Derek Tantoh Ndinteh, Patricia Odumosu and 6 more

Phytochemistry Letters

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #natural product bioactivities and synthesis
• #pharmacological effects of natural compounds
• #isolation (microbiology)

Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Lantana Camara Show Antiepileptic and Anxiolytic Effects by Inhibiting the Ferroptosis Pathway in Kainate-Treated Mice

Symphorien Mabou Talom, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Kandeda Kavaye, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Steve Melton Nkegne, Gildas Soffo Moffo and 1 more

SSRN Electronic Journal

• #cancer, lipids, and metabolism
• #biological research and disease studies
• #nitrogen and sulfur effects on brassica
• #anxiolytic

In Silico Molecular Docking and Predictive Adme Properties, in Vitro Antioxidant Scavenging Capacities, and in Vivo Pharmacological Activities to Study the Potential of Pterocarpus Mildbraedii's Harms (Fabaceae) in Preventing Vaginal Dysbiosis and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in an Estropause Rat Model

Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena, Georges Michel Bindzi, B. Oumarou, Pierrette Ngo Bahebeck, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Danielle Claude Bilanda and 7 more

SSRN Electronic Journal

• #phytoestrogen effects and research
• #natural product bioactivities and synthesis
• #phytochemicals and antioxidant activities
• #in silico

Pterocarpus soyauxii (Fabaceae) aqueous extract to prevent neuropsychiatric disorders associated with menopause by triggering ROS-dependent oxidative damage and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, GABA-transaminase, and monoamine oxidase A: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches

Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Madeleine Chantal Ngoungouré, Lohik Mbolang Nguegan, Ronald Bidingha A Goufani and 9 more

Heliyon

Pterocarpus soyauxii (PS) is traditionally used in Cameroon medicine to alleviate postmenopausal symptoms. Previous research has shown that it has tissue-selective potential and estrogen-mimetic effects on vaginal atrophy. Phytoestrogens like 7-O-acetyl formononetin, khrinone A, and 3′,5′-dimethoxy-4-stilbenol were found in its water extract by UHPLC, but there is no evidence of its effects on neurological disorders linked to post-menopause (ND-PO). The study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of PS aqueous extract, assess its neuroprotective potential in rats, and explore possible underlying pathways. We used colorimetric assays to study the phytochemical profile of PS extract. Effects of the extract on behavioral parameters, neuronal signaling, and integrity in an 84-day ovariectomized rat model. Molecular docking was performed to assess the ability of 7-O-acetyl formononetin, an isoflavone contained in PS, to cross the BBB and its binding affinity to the active sites of AChE, MAO-A, and GABA-T. Besides, the anti-AChE/BChE, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of PS were assessed by in vitro tests. PS aqueous extract contains polyphenols (656.58 ± 9.18 mgEAG/100gMS), flavonoids (201.25 ± 5.52 mgEQ/100gDW), and tannins (18.42 ± 1.25 mg/100gDW). It slows down anxiety, depressive disorders, cellular disorganization, and neuronal death in the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and neocortex. In silico modeling was a powerful tool to assess the 7-O-acetylformononetin's ability to cross the BBB and strongly bind and inhibit AChE, MAO-A, and GABA-T. Thus, by combining GABAergic, cholinergic, and serotoninergic modulation, PS aqueous extract also possesses remarkable anti-AChE/BChE in vitro and induces antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in macrophages. Such estromimetics, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholinergic, and monoaminergic modulators represent promising activities to develop neuroprotective drugs with optimal therapeutic profiles for menopausal women.

• #phytoestrogen effects and research
• #tryptophan and brain disorders
• #stress responses and cortisol
• #monoamine oxidase

Effects of Erythrina senegalensis (Fabaceae) Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Cardiovascular Complications on Hypertensive Diabetic Rat

Ronald à Goufani Bidingha, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Mireille Flore Metchi Donfack, B. Oumarou, Lohik Mbolang Nguegan, Pascal Emmanuel Owona and 4 more

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research

Background and Aim: Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hypertensive diabetic patients. They develop due to microvasculopathy, myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. In the present study, the activity of aqueous extract of Erythrina senegalensis on cardiovascular complications in diabetic hypertensive rats was evaluated. Experimental Procedure: The model of hypertensive diabetic rats was obtained by daily oral administration of sucrose (15%) and 40° ethanol at doses of 1.5 and 5 g/kg respectively for six weeks, followed by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). After four weeks of complications, the diabetic hypertensive rats were divided into six groups of 5 animals each, and received the different treatments for four weeks where blood glucose level was taken weekly. At the end of the treatments, the animals were anaesthetised and the arterial pressures and electrocardiograph were recorded by the direct method. Then the aorta and heart were removed for biochemical calorimetric analysis and histological evaluation. Results and Conclusion: In the diabetic hypertensive animals the results showed chronic hyperglycaemia associated with high blood pressure. On the electrocardiogram there was a cardiac arrhythmia manifested by a significant decrease in the duration of the PR, QRS, RR, QTc segments, ST interval, P, QRS and T waves, a decrease in the amplitude of the QRS and T waves. There was a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride atherogenic index and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol with a change in the cardiac ionogram and oxidative status in the aorta and heart. The different treatments improved these parameters and cardiovascular function. These results suggest that the extract of E. senegalensis by the presence of several bioactive compounds would possess cardioprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive and antioxidant properties.

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #computational drug discovery methods
• #medicine
• #diabetes mellitus

Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Aqueous Extract Can Minimize Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion-Induced Injury in Rat’s Brain

Danielle Claude Bilanda, Yougo Sandy, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Germain Sotoing Taïwé, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Théophile Dimo and 1 more

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research

Background and Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is widely used in traditional medicine for its good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Stroke is an important factor of disability and death worldwide causing brain injury through oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ocimum gratissimum on middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion-induced brain injury in rat.&#x0D; Experimental Procedure: The rats (48) were divided into 8 groups of 6 animals each and treated as followed: 3 groups receiving distilled water (10 mL/kg); one piracetam (250 mg/kg) and 4 groups receiving the plant extract (30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg) for 3 days. On the fourth day, ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO) surgery was performed on the groups receiving piracetam and extract. As for the 3 groups receiving distilled water, one was not operated; one was operated without MCAO (sham operated) while the last one was operated with MCAO. The temperature, neurological function through behavioral tests, heat sensibility, and open arena tests were assessed. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in the region of the brain affected by MCAO.&#x0D; Results and Conclusion: Three days pretreatment with the plant extract prevented the drop of temperature and heat sensibility, reduced the neurological score and associated anxiety-like behavior. The extract also prevented inflammation and oxidative stress induced by MCAO in the brain. All these observations suggest that Ocimum gratissimum by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potencies can protect the brain against ischemic stroke-induced brain injury.

• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration mechanisms
• #essential oils and antimicrobial activity
• #ocimum gratissimum

Preventive Potential of the Aqueous Extract of the Mixture of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) and Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) Aerial Parts on Hypertension Induced by a Chronic Salt and Alcohol Consumption on the Rats

Yannick Carlos Tcheutchoua, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Oriane Corine Djunie Neali, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Ronald à Goufani Bidingha and 5 more

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

High blood pressure (HBP) is currently one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Nowadays, populations make extensive use of alternative medicine for their health problems. Bidens pilosa (B. pilosa) and Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) are used individually in the traditional treatment of cardiovascular disorders. This study assessed the effects of the mixture of these two plants aqueous extract on HBP in rats. Male rats (42) were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. Normotensive rats received only distilled water and formed group 1. The other animals received ethanol + salt preceded by distilled water (10 mL/kg; group 2) and spironolactone (10 mg/kg; group 3); the aqueous extracts of the mixture (100 and 200 mg/kg; groups 4 and 5) isolated plants B. pilosa (200 mg/kg; group 6) and C. citratus (200 mg/kg; group 7). Animals were treated for 7 weeks during which water consumption and urine volume were assessed; then, hemodynamic parameters were recorded, and rats were sacrificed. Serum and some organs (liver, kidney, heart, and aorta) were used to evaluate biochemical parameters. Ingestion of ethanol + salt leads to a significant increase in urinary volume and water intake that were significantly prevented by the extracts from the mixture and isolated plants. Ethanol + salt solution significantly increased the blood pressure, heart rate, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-chol), atherogenic indices, liver and kidney function parameters, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol), albumin, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly reduced. The extracts of the mixture and isolated plants significantly prevented all these variations with a more pronounced action for the lowest dose of the mixture on the lipid profile, oxidative stress, and kidney function. These observations confirm the beneficial effects of B. pilosa and C. citratus to manage hypertension.

• #pharmacological effects of natural compounds
• #drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protection
• #inflammatory mediators and nsaid effects
• #cymbopogon citratus

Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous extract possesses vasorelaxant activities contributing to its antihypertensive effects in a model of rat-induced hypertension and myocardial infarction

Esther Ngo Lemba Tom, Orélien Sylvain Mtopi Bopda, Mbigah Pascal Monju, Yannick Fouda Bekono, Justin Rodrigue Billong Mimb, Danielle Claude Bilanda and 1 more

The Journal of Phytopharmacology

Background and aim: Kalanchoe pinnata is an herbal medicine used in Cameroon against cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension and myocardial infarction are among key risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This research aimed to investigate antihypertensive effect of Kalanchoe pinnata in salt loaded myocardial infarcted rats and possible mechanism of action on vascular smooth muscle. Experimental procedure: Thirty rats were equally distributed into six groups: neutral, negative and positive controls and three test groups (administered extract 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Hypertension was induced by salt loading (18%) meanwhile myocardial infarction was by injection of 100mg/kg isoproterenol. The 28 day-In vivo treatment was followed by evaluation of systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, and troponin level. Ten untreated rats were used for the in vitro study, to investigate vasorelaxant mechanism. Results and conclusion: Treated rats showed significant increase of systolic (46.3%) and diastolic (73.5%) pressures. Troponine level increased by 400%. Extract at highest dose (150mg/kg) reduced these increases by 29.1%, 41.3% and 52% respectively. Extract (1.5mg/mL) caused a vasorelaxation (62.79%) in the presence of endothelium. Endothelium removal did not significantly modify the effect of the extract in KCl pre-contracted rings. In the same way, in rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine, the extract (1.5mg/mL) did not significantly modify the relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside. However, methylene blue, a NO-cGMP inhibitor significantly reduced (P&lt;0.001) the vasorelaxant effect of K. pinnata extract (1.5mg/mL). This indicated that the extract exhibits its antihypertensive activity by relaxing vascular smooth muscle, partially through endothelium mediators.

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #traditional and medicinal uses of annonaceae
• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #medicine

Active compounds in EAhy 926 endothelial cells, investigating cashew extract and molecules as natural health product approach to reducing the formation of advanced glycation endproducts v

Léonard Tedong, Andrea Rosanoff, P Haddad, PD Chuisseu, SD Sockeng FM Kanmangne, Danielle Claude Bilanda and 1 more

International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Cashew, Anacardium occidentale Linn of the family Anacardiaceae, has been documented as traditional plant treatment for diabetes and hypertension. 2] In the present study, using antioxidant activity-guided fractionation (DPPH advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) essays), four extracts (E1 to E4) of A. occidentale leaves were studied for possible antioxidant capacities and vascular activity. We also compared the protective effects of cashew leaf extracts against high glucose mediated toxicity in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (EAhy 926 cells). Total antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. occidentale and identified compounds was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Two extracts of cashew's leaves, E3 and E4, were found to possess significant DPPH radical-scavenging activity with equivalent trolox values of 2188 and 7603 mg trolox/g dried extract, respectively. The order of the radical scavenging potency is E4>E3>E2>E1.

• #ginkgo biloba and cashew applications
• #nuclear receptors and signaling
• #neurological disease mechanisms and treatments
• #natural product

Antihypertensive Activity of Leersia hexandra Sw. (Poaceae) Aqueous Extract on Ethanol-Induced Hypertension in Wistar Rat

Danielle Claude Bilanda, Yannick Carlos Tcheutchoua, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Daniel Lauré Dongmo Fokou, Yannick Bekono Fouda, Théophile Dimo and 1 more

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Leersia hexandra ( L. hexandra ) is used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases including hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the curative effects of the aqueous extract of L. hexandra on hypertension. Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of ethanol (5 g/kg/day) for five weeks. The animals were divided into 2 groups: one group of 5 rats receiving distilled water (10 mL/kg) and another group of 20 rats receiving ethanol. At the end of the 5 weeks of administration of ethanol, the animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each: one group of hypertensive rats receiving distilled water (10 mL/kg), another one receiving nifedipine (10 mg/kg), and two groups of hypertensive rats receiving L. hexandra at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that ethanol induced a significant increase in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate of normotensive rats. The administration of the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) or nifedipine caused a significant decrease of MAP compared to hypertensive rats. Ethanol induced a significant increase of lipid profile, the atherogenic index, creatinine, and transaminase activities. Ethanol also induced a significant decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol and antioxidant markers evaluated. Treatment of hypertensive rats with L. hexandra or nifedipine significantly improved lipid profile, hepatic and renal functions, and antioxidant status. The curative effect of L. hexandra extract on hypertension is probably related to its antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activities, which justifies its empirical use in the treatment of hypertension.

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #rabbits: nutrition, reproduction, health
• #moringa oleifera research and applications
• #nifedipine

Antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities of Erythrina senegalensis DC (Fabaceae) stem bark aqueous extract on diabetic hypertensive rats

Danielle Claude Bilanda, Ronald à Goufani Bidingha, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Yannick Bekono Fouda, Rodrigue Fifen Ngapout, Yannick Carlos Tcheutchoua and 5 more

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #bioactive natural compounds
• #diverse scientific research studies
• #diabetes mellitus

Antioxidant activity of Allanblackia floribunda trunk bark ethanol extract on alcohol-induced hypertensive rats

Danielle Claude Bilanda, Alice Louise Woguia, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Pièrre Kamtchouing, Théophile Dimo

Trends in Phytochemical Research

Oxidative stress is involved in many chronic diseases. The ethanol extract of Allanblackia floribunda (A. floribunda) was investigated for the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities on alcohol hypertensive rat’s model. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of plant extracts were evaluated in vitro by DPPH and ABTS assays, the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Alcohol-induced hypertensive rats (AHR) were obtained by oral administration of ethanol (3 g/kg/day during 8 weeks) followed by 4 weeks of concomitant treatment with A. floribunda (100 and 200 mg/kg) and ethanol. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated using the direct cannulation method. The effects of the extract on lipid profile, kidney and liver functions as well as oxidative stress markers were evaluated using colorimetric method. A. floribunda significantly reduced the mean blood pressure. The plant extract protected against the deterioration in lipid profile, reduced kidney and liver impairment, malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in organs. The total phenolic content of A. floribunda extract was found to be 76772.5 μg equivalent catechin/g. Antioxidant potential of the extract was higher with DPPH assay as compared to ABTS assay. These results suggest that the protective effect of the ethanol extract of A. floribunda in alcohol-induced hypertension was in part due to its antioxidant properties.

• #alcohol consumption and health effects
• #eicosanoids and hypertension pharmacology
• #phytochemicals and antioxidant activities
• #dpph

Cardioprotective Effects of Kalanchoe pinnata Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts in Wistar Rat

Mtopi Bopda Os, Benjamin Koko, Chendjou Koumtouzi Nn, Lemba Tom En, Tonfack Fotio Al, Dzeufiet Djomeni Pd and 2 more

• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #rabbits: nutrition, reproduction, health
• #kalanchoe

Nymphaea lotus Linn. (Nymphaeaceae) Alleviates Sexual Disability in L-NAME Hypertensive Male Rats

Mireille Kameni, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Marguerite Francine Mballa, Ngadena Yolande Sandrine Mengue, Tchinda Huguette Tchoupou and 4 more

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Hypertension (HT) is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of Nymphaea lotus ( N. lotus ) on erectile dysfunction induced by NO deficiency in rat. 40 male rats equally divided into 4 groups received an oral treatment with 10 mg/kg/day of L-NAME, a NO blocker, during 4 weeks. Control group composed of 10 male rats received only distilled water (10 mL/kg). Thereafter oral treatments with N. lotus (75 and 200 mg/kg/day) and losartan (10 mg/kg/day) started and continued concomitantly with L-NAME in 3 groups for 4 additional weeks. Normal and negative controls received only distilled water. Sexual behaviour, orientation activities, anxiety, and penile histomorphology were evaluated at the end of treatment. L-NAME administration elevated significantly the blood pressure in male rats and decreased the copulatory rate by enhancing intromission latency and decreasing the numbers of intromission and ejaculation. However, the sexual motivation remains unaltered by chronic NO blockage suggesting that L-NAME induces penile dysfunction mainly by peripheral mechanisms. L-NAME chronic intake also induced anxiety, 4 weeks of N. lotus cotreatment prevented inhibitory effects of L-NAME on male sexual behaviour by shortening mainly ejaculation latency and postejaculatory interval while losartan does not. Losartan proved to be a more effective drug to decrease the blood pressure compared to the plant extract. Effectively, Nymphea lotus was able to reverse totally at 75 mg/kg the increment of hemodynamic parameters and the histological damage and exhibit anxiolytic-like effects in hypertensive male rats. Nymphaea lotus uses NO pathway to facilitate sexual responses at central and peripheral levels and can have a double medicinal use, against anxiety and erectile dysfunction.

• #phytoestrogen effects and research
• #stress responses and cortisol
• #menstrual health and disorders
• #traditional medicine

Kalanchoe pinnata aqueous extract safety and potential cardioprotective effects in isoprenaline treated rats

Orélien Sylvain Mtopi Bopda, Nathalie Nadège Chendjou Koumtouzi, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Désiré Paul Djomeni Dzeufiet, Christian Tiambo Keambou, Théophile Dimo

The Journal of Phytopharmacology

Introduction: Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) aqueous extract antihypertensive property has been proven. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and potential cardioprotective effects of the extract in isoproterenol treated rat. Methods: A total of 35 adult wistar rats were randomly and evenly distributed into groups 1-7 then treated for 28days. Control groups 1-3 received 10mL/kg water (per os, neutral), 150mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO, sc, 48 and 24hours prior to sacrifice, negative) and ISO plus 10mg/kg propranolol (per os, ten days prior to sacrifice, positive). Safety test groups (4-6) received K. pinnata extract (50, 100 and 200mg/kg per os). Cardioprotective test group 7 received K. pinnata (100mg/kg per os) and ISO. The sacrifice of rats was carried out on day 29 and blood collected for haematological and biochemical analyses. Liver, kidney and heart were collected weighed and preserved for histopathological analysis. Results: There was no observable sign of toxicity. No significant difference was observed between the relative weight of the heart from groups 1-7. The platelet value dropped from 794.7x10 /L (group 2) to 284x10 /L (group 7, p&lt;0.05). An elevated value of creatine Kinase-MB (20.64U/L) was obtained in group 2, which decreased in other groups (P&lt;0.05). In group 7, however, the extract (100mg/kg/day) reduced (P&gt;0.05) the level of CK-MB compared to group 2. The level of triglycerides was elevated in group 2, 4 and 6 compared to group 1. Histopathological analysis of the heart showed the safety of the extract. Conclusion: We demonstrated that K. pinnata extract (100-200mg/kg/day, per os) might be cardioprotective.

• #drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protection
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #isoprenaline

Safety assessment of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeaceae): Acute, neuro- and subchronic oral toxicity studies in albinos Wistar rats

Mireille Kameni Poumeni, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena, Marguerite Francine Mballa, Madeleine Chantal Ngoungouré and 3 more

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine

Background Nymphaea lotus Linn (N. lotus) is a medicinal plant widely used in Cameroon popular medicine, to treat neuropsychiatric conditions, male sexual disorders or as food supplement. However, scientific data on the pharmacotoxic profile of this plant are not available. The safety of N. lotus was assessed in acute, neuro- and subchronic toxicity studies by following the OECD guidelines. Effectively, no data have been published until now in regard to its safety on the nervous system. Methods Aqueous extract of N. lotus at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight (BW) was evaluated for nitrites contents and orally administered to rats daily for 28 days (5 male, 5 female per group). The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg) and a satellite group was used to observe reversal effects. Neurotoxicity of the plant was determined using open field test for motor coordination, ataxia and gait analysis. Clinical signs and state of livelihood were recorded during the 24 h, then for 28 days of treatments. At the end of 28-day period, animals were anesthetized and decapitated. The whole brain was homogenized for neurobiochemical analysis. Blood samples were collected with or without anticoagulant for hematological examinations and serum analysis. Specimens of liver, kidney, testis, ovaries, and brain were fixed in 10 % formalin and processed for histopathological examinations. Results Our findings indicate dose-dependent elevation of nitrites contents in the flowers aqueous extract of N. lotus. Acute toxicity study revealed no signs of toxicity neither at the dose 2,000 mg/kg nor at 5,000 mg/kg. Thus the LD50 value of aqueous extract of N. lotus flowers is superior to 5,000 mg/kg. The repeated administration of N. lotus during 28 days, induced no signs of neurobehavioral changes in male, but female rats exhibited dose-dependent response in the open field test, suggesting sex and dose-relative psychotropic effects of N. lotus. The evaluation of neurobiochemistry revealed consistent rise of brain cholesterol by 44.05 %; 158.10 % and 147.62 % respectively in male rats treated with the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg. In female rats, these levels were significantly increased (p<0.001) only at the dose of 600 mg/kg compared to control. This trend persisted after 14 days withdrawal. Brain potassium and calcium concentrations were increased in all rats compared to their respective control receiving distilled water, suggesting transmembrane current stabilizing properties of brain cells by our extract. Further, serum biochemical analysis demonstrated that 28-day administration of N. lotus flowers increased depending on the dose and sex, the levels of serum urea, proteins, creatinine and bilirubin and reduced γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. These results suggest liver alterations that are endowed by lower liver relative weight and histology damages observed in female rats treated with the dose of 600 mg/kg of our extract. We also observed a rise in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction and AI of male rats undergoing N. lotus treatment. In female rats, the latter remains unaltered, confirming the dose- and sex-dependent response of our extract. The levels of white blood cells (WBC) and granulocytes were higher in male irrespective to their control, revealing stimulatory properties of the male hematopoietic system. Such variations (sex- and dose-dependent) are without biological relevance for the majority of the biochemical parameters evaluated, indicating a wide margin of safety for the traditional use of N. lotus. The alkaloids, nitrites and phytosterols contained in N. lotus flowers extract may probably account for its neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and immunoboosting properties. Conclusions N. lotus do not possesses neurotoxicity but is able to induce behavioral changes in rats. Therefore, the application of this plant as either drug or supplementary food should be carefully considered.

• #phytochemistry and bioactive compounds
• #phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #acute toxicity

Mineral constituents and toxicological profile of Jateorhiza macrantha (Menispermaceae) aqueous extract

B. Oumarou, Linda Martiale Tchuemdem, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Esther Ngo Lemba Tom, Martin Ndzana and 1 more

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #andrographolide research and applications
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #menispermaceae