Antoine Kavaye Kandeda

Antiradical and anti-acethylcholinesterase constituents from the methylene chloride extract of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat (Ganodermataceae) and molecular docking study

Roméo Toko Feunaing, Abel Joël Gbaweng Yaya, Jean Noël Nyemb, Noël Issa Bassigue, Hervé Landry Ketsemen, Céline Henoumont and 4 more

Natural Product Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a non-communicable disease with global impact. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are suitable therapies for AD. In this work, we report the isolation of antiacetylcholinesterase compounds from the methylene chloride (DCM) extract of the medical fungus Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat (Ganodermataceae). Chemical evaluation of this extract using chromatographic technics led to the isolation of a (1:1) mixture of ergosterol (1) and stellasterol (2), palmitic acid (3), ganodermanondiol (4), lucidumol B (5) and lupeol (6). Structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic analysis such as IR, MS, 1D & 2D NMR and literature. The acetylation reaction has been performed on the mixture (1 + 2) and compound 4, leading to the obtention the mixture of 3-acetyl-ergosterol (7) and 3-acetylstellasterol (8) along with 24-acetyl-ganodermanondiol (9) respectively. Total phenolic content was determined for DCM, Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts. To assess their antiradical scavenging potential, DPPH was used as free radical. The Inhibition power of acetylcholinesterase was evaluated in vitro using the Ellman reagent. Amongst all tested extracts, the DCM extract showed the high amount of total phenolic compounds with a value of 133.9512 mg EAG/g EX. The same extract showed a very good antiradical scavenging potential with an IC50 of 0.0021 mg/mL. The mixture (1 + 2) showed the highest antiradical scavenging activity with IC50 of 0.0770 mg/mL. The results obtained demonstrated that the acetylation has reduced the antiradical scavenging potential. Concerning the acetylcholinesterase inhibition power, the DCM extract and the mixture (1 + 2) showed a very good power with an inhibition percentage of 89%. The acetylation has also reduced the activity of the obtained derivative. The results provide insights into the potential efficacy of these compounds as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The binding interactions of the isolated and acetylated derivatives against acetylcholinesterase protein (PBP 3i6m) of Torpedo californica were studied using Autodock software. Ergosterol (−11.9 kcal/mol) binds better to the protein biding site through significant pi-sigma interactions.

• #cholinesterase and neurodegenerative diseases
• #computational drug discovery methods
• #fungal biology and applications
• #chemistry

Author response for "Phytochemical, In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Research on <i>Piptadeniastrum africanum</i> (Fabaceae) Unveiling Anti‐Stereotypic, Anxiolytic, and Analgesic Effects in a Sodium Valproate‐Induced Autistic Disorders Model"

A Julie, Ngouateu Omer Bébé, Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine, Owona Pascal Emmanuel, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Ambamba Akamba Bruno Dupon and 5 more

• #autism spectrum disorder research
• #pharmacological effects and toxicity studies
• #attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• #phytochemical

Kalanchoe crenata Haw. (Crassulacea) Decreases Hippocampal Neuron Loss and Improves Memory and Executive Function in Aged Rats: Implications for Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Christophe Mezui, Sandry Kengni, Ndeva Baldagai, Symphorien Talom Mabou

Brain and Behavior

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that alters learning and memory processes. Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulaceae) has long been used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat hypertension, malaria, and dementia. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-amnesic effect of an aqueous extract of K. crenata in D-galactose-treated rats and possible mechanisms of action. METHODS: Memory impairment was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (350 mg/kg) once daily for 30 days. At the end of the procedure, the animals were assessed for memory impairment using Morris water maze and object recognition tasks. Animals with memory impairment were divided into six groups of eight rats each and treated once daily for 24 days as follows: the negative control group received per os distilled water (10 mL/kg); the positive control group received donepezil (2 mg/kg, p.o.); and three test groups received the extract of K. crenata (62, 124, and 248 mg/kg, p.o.). A group of eight rats was added and served as a control group. After completion of the procedure, the memory deficit in rats was reassessed by the object recognition test on Day 15 of the treatment, the Morris water maze test on Day 18, and the open-field test on Day 24. At the end of behavioral experiments, the animals were sacrificed and some biochemical parameters in the hippocampus were estimated. In addition, histological analysis of the hippocampus was performed. RESULTS: K. crenata significantly decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the time spent in the target quadrant of the Morris water maze. It also increased the discrimination index during the object recognition test. The extract significantly reversed D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. This was confirmed by the attenuation of neuronal loss. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that K. crenata extract possesses an anti-amnesic-like effect probably mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

• #antioxidants, aging, portulaca oleracea
• #medicinal plants and bioactive compounds
• #phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants
• #morris water navigation task

Phytochemical, In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Research on Piptadeniastrum africanum (Fabaceae) Unveiling Anti‐Stereotypic, Anxiolytic, and Analgesic Effects in a Sodium Valproate‐Induced Autistic Disorders Model

A Julie, Omer Bébé Ngouateu, Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine, Pascal Emmanuel Owona, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Bruno Dupon Akamba Ambamba and 5 more

Brain and Behavior

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) primarily exhibit deficits in communication and social interaction, along with repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. This disorder is often associated with anxiety, nociceptive disorders, and pain. While medical treatment generally focuses on treating the symptoms rather than addressing the underlying causes, traditional medicine is sometimes used as an alternative. Piptadeniastrum africanum is used in Cameroonian medicinal folks to treat cognitive disorders. However, its effects and mechanisms of action regarding the inhibition of ASD-like symptoms remain unclear. The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of the water extract of P. africanum on autistic triad induced in rats by sodium valproate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study investigated the secondary metabolites in P. africanum extract using UHPLC-MS. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP tests were performed to assess the extract's ability to neutralize free radicals. Molecular docking was utilized to evaluate the extract's binding to various receptors. For the experimental study, 33 pregnant female rats were divided into two groups after pregnancy was confirmed. One group was given distilled water orally at 10 mL/kg, while the other group received sodium valproate at 800 mg/kg on gestation days 11, 12, and 13. When the male offspring reached 3 weeks old, they were evaluated for anxiety, social interaction, and pain sensitivity, with those displaying any disorders selected for further study. The remaining rats were split into six groups of five and treated with either a vehicle, bumetanide, or P. africanum extract at 190 and 760 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments focusing on sociability, anxiety, and pain sensitivity were conducted on days 28 and 37 after weaning. In the end, biochemical markers related to GABA metabolism, serotonin levels, and oxidative status were analyzed in the cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala alongside histopathological analyses in the brain. RESULTS: UHPLC-MS allows us to identify several compounds. They bind to H3R (7F61) and HDAC2 through conventional hydrogen bonding. Findings showed that prenatal administration of sodium valproate induced in male offspring a deficit in social interaction (p < 0.001), anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), hypersensitivity to pain (p < 0.001), increased GABA and serotonin concentration (p < 0.001), disturbed oxidative status (p < 0.001), and neuronal loss (p < 0.001) as well as neuronal disorganization in the hippocampus, cerebellum and amygdala in young rats compared to neurotypical animals. P. africanum extract at doses used, like bumetanide, corrected these disorders and protected against neuronal loss. These results suggest that the extract has anxiolytic and anti-nociceptive effects. It has been found that the positive effects can be achieved by restoring GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, coupled with antioxidant and neuromodulatory activity. CONCLUSION: The current findings support that P. africanum induces anxiolytic and analgesic effects in a sodium valproate-induced autistic disorders model.

• #autism spectrum disorder research
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #phytochemistry medicinal plant applications
• #anxiolytic

Antiepileptic and anti-inflammatory effects of Lippia multiflora moldenke (Verbenaceae) in mice model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy induced by pilocarpine

Joseph Ngaibi, Bigued, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Yvette Nguezeye, Tchang Alkali Wangbara, Lamido Gaoudji and 2 more

Heliyon

Publisher of over 50 scientific journals across the life, physical, earth, and health sciences, both independently and in partnership with scientific societies including Cell, Neuron, Immunity, Current Biology, AJHG, and the Trends Journals.

• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #natural product bioactivities and synthesis
• #essential oils and antimicrobial activity
• #verbenaceae

Author response for "&lt;i&gt;Kalanchoe crenata&lt;/i&gt; Haw. (Crassulacea) Decreases Hippocampal Neuron Loss and Improves Memory and Executive Function in Aged Rats: Implications for Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms"

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Christophe Mezui, Sandry Kengni, Ndeva Baldagai, Symphorien Talom Mabou

• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #medicinal plants and bioactive compounds
• #flavonoids in medical research
• #kalanchoe

Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Lantana Camara Show Antiepileptic and Anxiolytic Effects by Inhibiting the Ferroptosis Pathway in Kainate-Treated Mice

Symphorien Mabou Talom, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Kandeda Kavaye, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Steve Melton Nkegne, Gildas Soffo Moffo and 1 more

SSRN Electronic Journal

• #cancer, lipids, and metabolism
• #biological research and disease studies
• #nitrogen and sulfur effects on brassica
• #anxiolytic

Potential of Khaya senegalensis to mitigate epileptogenesis and cognitive dysfunction on kainate-induced post-status epilepticus model

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Liliane Yimta Foutse, Stéphanie Lewale, Théophile Dimo

IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Background and aim To date, there is no treatment to prevent the development of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of drug-resistant epilepsy. A recent study revealed the antiepileptic-like effect of the aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis . Given the potential of this extract, the antiepileptogenic- and learning and memory-facilitating-like effects of the aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis were assessed using the kainate-induced post- status epilepticus model. Methods Epilepsy was induced by injecting a single dose of kainate (12 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. Animals that developed 2 hours of status-epilepticus were randomized and treated as follows: a negative control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o. ); two positive control groups received sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, p.o. ) or phenobarbital (20 mg/kg, p.o. ); and three test groups received the extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, p.o .). A sham group was added and received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o. ). All treatments were performed twice daily until the occurrence of the first spontaneous seizure (stage 4 or 5) in the negative control group, on day 14. After the completion of treatments, memory impairment was assessed using the T-maze. Two weeks following behavioral analysis, the rats that received the most effective dose of the extract on spontaneous recurrent were challenged with pentylenetetrazole (30 mg/kg, i.p.). This is to assess their susceptibility to generalized tonic-clonic seizures (stage 5). Rats were finally euthanized, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, or neurogenesis markers were quantified in the hippocampus. Results The extract of Khaya senegalensis significantly prevented spontaneous recurrent seizures on day 14. It also reduced cognitive decline. Furthermore, it significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and increased those of neurotrophic factors. Conclusions These findings thus suggest that the extract is endowed with antiepileptogenic- and learning and memory-enhancing-like effects. These effects are likely mediated by anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic pathways. This justifies, therefore, its use to treat empirically epilepsy.

• #traditional and medicinal uses of annonaceae
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #natural compound pharmacology studies
• #epileptogenesis

Sida corymbosa prevents seizures and memory deficit via inhibition of oxidative stress and neuronal loss in the hippocampus

Marguerite Zizanie Penda, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Frida Longo, Livana Brinda Ateufack, Théophile Dimo

Heliyon

Mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy is the most refractory form of epilepsy. The management of this condition relies on the use of antiepileptic drugs known to provide symptomatic relief. Herbal remedies are therefore an alternative to finding a cure for epilepsy. The present study aimed to assess the antiepileptic and anti-amnesic effects of Sida corymbosa aqueous extract using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model in rats. For this, 48 rats were divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each and treated as follows: normal and negative controls received per os (p.o) distilled water (10 mL/kg); experimental groups received S. corymbosa extract (17.14, 34.28, and 68.56 mg/kg, p.o); and positive control group received levetiracetam (250 mg/kg, p.o). One hour after the treatments, animals intraperitoneally (i.p) received a subconvulsive dose of PTZ (25 mg/kg), except the normal control group. The animals were treated once daily until the onset of the first tonic-clonic seizure (stage 5) in the negative control group. Twenty-four hours following the onset of the first seizure, memory impairment was assessed. Twenty-four hours later, the animals were sacrificed, and the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were collected for biochemical analyses. The extract (68.56 mg/kg) prevented (p < 0.001) seizures from day 1 to day 12 compared to the negative control group. The extract (17.14 and 34.28 mg/kg) increased the recognition index by 80 % (p < 0.05) and 60 % (p < 0.01), respectively, compared with the negative control group. Moreover, the extract (17.14 mg/kg) increased by 68 % (p < 0.001) the concentration of GABA in the hippocampus. The extract (17.14 and 34.28 mg/kg) increased the acetylcholine level by 51 % (p < 0.001) and 69 % (p < 0.001) in the hippocampus, respectively. The extract at a dose of 17.14 mg/kg decreased the concentration of MDA in the hippocampus by 43 % (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the extract has antiepileptic and anti-amnesic potentials that could justify its empirical use.

• #phytochemicals and medicinal plants
• #medicinal plants and bioactive compounds
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #hippocampus

Therapeutic potential of the extract of giant millipede Telodeinopus Canaliculatus on epileptogenesis and associated anxiety-like behavior

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Paul Serge Mbenoun Massé, Livana Brinda Ateufack, Marguerite Zizanie Penda, Ndeva Baldagai

Metabolic Brain Disease

• #neuroscience and neuropharmacology research
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
• #elevated plus maze

The Decoction of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Cymbopogon citratus &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Poaceae&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Exerts Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Effects&amp;lt;i&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;in Mice on Stress Paradigm Tests

Jean Pierre Omam Omam, André Hamadou, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Juliette Koubé, Djibrilla Mana Moussa, Brice Kevin Tchoupe Djoumsie and 3 more

International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science

<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> has many medicinal properties: it is used to treat headaches, cough, malaria and anxiety or fear in the national dielet. The interest of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic properties and acute toxicity of the decoction of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> leaves.<i> C. citratus </i>was harvested in the Wouri division, Littoral Region of Cameroon. The identification of the families of secondary metabolites was carried out on the leaves decoction through staining and precipitation tests. The animal material consisted of male and female <i>Mus musculus </i>Swiss mice of 18 g at 30 g over aged about 9 weeks and not previously tested. They were used for acute toxicity assessment by administering a single dose of 5000mg/kg. Then, the anxiolytic activity assessment of the decoction on basic and chronic anxiety was done using the following devices: the elevated plus maze, the open field, the hole board and the restrictor. Finally, some oxidative stress parameters such catalase, sulphoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde were measured. The extraction yield of the<i> C. citratus</i> decoction was 15.12%. No signs of toxicity were observed at the dose of 5000mg/kg, 14 days after treatment. The Screening of the decoction revealed the presence of saponins, phenolic compounds and sterols. The anxiolytic activity assessment of the decoction on basic and chronic anxiety through the different devices shows that the most effective dose of the <i>C. citratus</i> decoction was 151 mg/kg. In the case of the elevated plus maze test, there was an increase of the number of entries into the open arms, the time spent in the open arms and their respective percentages. However, there was a decrease of the number of entries into the closed arms, the time spent in the closed arms and their percentages. The number of rearing and the mass of stool produced were significantly reduced in the maze, indicating a decrease of the level of anxiety in these mice. The open field and hole board tests also showed that, the <i>C. citratus</i> decoction would have anxiolytic properties. This could be justified may be by the presence of saponins and phenolic compounds. The determination of oxidative stress markers showed that, mice given the decoction and diazepam had elevated catalase, sulphoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, but their malondialdehyde was low. The results of the study showed that the decoction of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> has anxiolytic properties.

• #medicinal plants and bioactive compounds
• #cymbopogon citratus
• #decoction
• #malondialdehyde

The extract of Sclerocarya birrea, Nauclea latifolia, and Piper longum mixture ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction

Jean Philippe Djientcheu Tientcheu, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Racéline Kamkumo Gounoue, Michel Arnaud Mbock, Rodrigue Ngapout, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda and 1 more

Metabolic Brain Disease

• #piperaceae chemical and biological studies
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #biochemical analysis and sensing techniques
• #morris water navigation task

An aqueous extract of Lantana camara attenuates seizures, memory impairment, and anxiety in kainate-treated mice: Evidence of GABA level, oxidative stress, immune and neuronal loss modulation

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Symphorien Talom Mabou, Clémentine Moutchida

Epilepsy & Behavior

• #neuroscience and neuropharmacology research
• #epilepsy research and treatment
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #status epilepticus

An aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini protects against kainate-induced status epilepticus and amnesia: evidence for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory intervention

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Saleh Nodeina, Symphorien Talom Mabou

Metabolic Brain Disease

• #neuroscience and neuropharmacology research
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration mechanisms
• #status epilepticus

An aqueous macerate of Ziziphus jujuba reduces long-term spatial memory impairment in D-galactose treated rats: role of anti-inflammatory pathways

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Danide Nguedia, Etienne Djeuzong, Jonas Kouamouo, Théophile Dimo

Metabolic Brain Disease

• #ziziphus jujuba studies and applications
• #gaba and rice research
• #ginseng biological effects and applications
• #morris water navigation task

Aqueous extract of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. (Fabaceae) exerts antiepileptogenic, anti-amnesic, and anxiolytic-like effects in mice via mechanisms involving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Soline Menvouta, Symphorien Talom Mabou, Jonas Kouamouo, Théophile Dimo

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. (Fabaceae) is a widely distributed tree, used in traditional medicine to treat amebiasis, hookworm infection, ascariasis, asthma, sterility, dental pain, headaches, cardiac disorders, and epilepsy. To date, no study on the effect of an aqueous extract of P. biglobosa on epileptogenesis and associated neuropsychiatric disorders has been undertaken. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate antiepileptogenic-, antiamnesic-, and anxiolytic-like effects of an aqueous extract of P. biglobosa using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling in mice. Animals were divided into six groups of eight mice each. Thus, a PTZ group received distilled water (10 ml/kg, per o s), a positive control group received sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, p.o .), and three test groups received the aqueous extract of P. biglobosa (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg, p.o .).In addition, a control group of eight mice receiving distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o .) was formed. The treatments were administered to mice, 60 min before administration of PTZ (20 mg/kg, i.p.). These co-administrations were performed once daily, for 22 days. The number and duration of seizures (stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 of seizures) exhibited by each mouse were assessed for 30 min during the treatment period. Twenty-four hours following the last administration of the treatments and PTZ, novel object recognition and T-maze tests were performed to assess working memory impairment in mice, while the open field test was performed to assess anxiety-like behavior. After these tests, the animals were sacrificed, and the hippocampi were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. During the period of PTZ-kindling, the extract at all doses completely ( p &amp;lt; 0.001) protected all mice against stages 3 and 4 of seizures when compared to sodium valproate, a standard antiepileptic drug. The extract also significantly ( p &amp;lt; 0.001) attenuated working memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior. In post-mortem brain analyses, the extract significantly ( p &amp;lt; 0.001) increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. Histological analysis showed that the aqueous extract attenuated neuronal degeneration/necrosis in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the extract is endowed with antiepileptogenic-, anti-amnesic-, and anxiolytic-like effects. These effects seem to be mediated in part by GABAergic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These results suggest the merit of further studies to isolate the bioactive molecules responsible for these potentially therapeutically relevant effects of the extract.

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #ginkgo biloba and cashew applications
• #parkia biglobosa

Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Aqueous Extract Can Minimize Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion-Induced Injury in Rat’s Brain

Danielle Claude Bilanda, Yougo Sandy, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Germain Sotoing Taïwé, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Théophile Dimo and 1 more

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research

Background and Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is widely used in traditional medicine for its good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Stroke is an important factor of disability and death worldwide causing brain injury through oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ocimum gratissimum on middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion-induced brain injury in rat.&#x0D; Experimental Procedure: The rats (48) were divided into 8 groups of 6 animals each and treated as followed: 3 groups receiving distilled water (10 mL/kg); one piracetam (250 mg/kg) and 4 groups receiving the plant extract (30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg) for 3 days. On the fourth day, ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO) surgery was performed on the groups receiving piracetam and extract. As for the 3 groups receiving distilled water, one was not operated; one was operated without MCAO (sham operated) while the last one was operated with MCAO. The temperature, neurological function through behavioral tests, heat sensibility, and open arena tests were assessed. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in the region of the brain affected by MCAO.&#x0D; Results and Conclusion: Three days pretreatment with the plant extract prevented the drop of temperature and heat sensibility, reduced the neurological score and associated anxiety-like behavior. The extract also prevented inflammation and oxidative stress induced by MCAO in the brain. All these observations suggest that Ocimum gratissimum by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potencies can protect the brain against ischemic stroke-induced brain injury.

• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration mechanisms
• #essential oils and antimicrobial activity
• #ocimum gratissimum

Anti-Amnesic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Aqueous Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rats

Etienne Djeuzong, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Séfirin Djiogue, Danide Nguedia, Stéphanie Lewale, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim and 2 more

Research Square

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that affects more than 44 million people worldwide. The available treatments target the symptoms rather than underlying causes. <italic>Ziziphus jujuba</italic> (Rhamnaceae) is used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to treat many disorders including memory impairments. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective effects of <italic>Z. jujuba</italic> aqueous extract on scopolamine-induced memory disorders in rats. <bold>Methods:</bold> Learning and memory impairments were induced in rats by scopolamine (1mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Rats that developed cognitive impairments were divided as follows: two positive control groups received piracetam (200 mg/kg, <italic>p.o.</italic>) or tacrine (1 mg/kg, <italic>p.o.</italic>); three test groups received the extract (29, 57, and 114 mg/kg, <italic>p.o., </italic>respectively) daily for 15 days. At the end of treatments, memory impairments were assessed by Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and some biochemical parameters (oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis) were estimated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.<bold>Results:</bold> <italic>Z. jujuba</italic> decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the time in the target quadrant. However, it failed to affect spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. Furthermore, the extract reversed scopolamine-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This was confirmed with the prevention of neuronal loss in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> These findings suggest that <italic>Z. jujuba</italic> extract possesses ant-amnesic and neuroprotective effects. It seems that these effects are mediated in part by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. This, therefore, justify its use to treat dementia and psychiatric disorders in Cameroon’s folk medicine.

• #ziziphus jujuba studies and applications
• #alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
• #biochemical analysis and sensing techniques
• #morris water navigation task

Antiamnesic and Neuroprotective Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rats

Etienne Djeuzong, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Séfirin Djiogue, Lewale Stéphanie, Danide Nguedia, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim and 3 more

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Background. Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that affects about 44 million people worldwide. The available treatments target symptoms rather than the underlying causes. Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) is widely used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to treat diabetes, pain, infections, and dementia. Previous studies reported that Z. jujuba aqueous macerate improves working memory impairment, but no study on the antiamnesic effect of a concoction of Z. jujuba in rats has been performed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the antiamnesic and neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of Z. jujuba on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in rats. Methods. Learning and memory impairments were induced in rats by administering scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) to 58 rats for 15 days. Rats that developed learning and memory impairments in Morris water maze and Y-maze paradigms were divided into 7 groups (8 rats each) and treated daily for 15 days as follows: the normal control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.), the negative control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.), positive control groups either received donepezil (1.2 mg/kg, p.o.) or tacrine (10 mg/kg, p.o.), and the three test groups were given the extract (29, 57, and 114 mg/kg, p.o.). At the end of treatments, learning and memory impairments were determined using the same paradigms. Animals were then euthanized, and biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were analyzed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Results. On the 4th day of the acquisition phase in the Morris water maze, Z. jujuba (29 and 114 mg/kg) reduced ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>p</a:mi> <a:mo>&lt;</a:mo> <a:mn>0.001</a:mn> </a:math> ) the latency to reach the platform, while in the retention phase, Z. jujuba (57 and 114 mg/kg) decreased ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mi>p</c:mi> <c:mo>&lt;</c:mo> <c:mn>0.001</c:mn> </c:math> ) the time to reach the platform and increased the time in the target quadrant ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mi>p</e:mi> <e:mo>&lt;</e:mo> <e:mn>0.05</e:mn> </e:math> ) compared to control. Surprisingly, the extract failed to affect spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze. Furthermore, the extract (29, 57, and 114 mg/kg) reversed ( <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <g:mi>p</g:mi> <g:mo>&lt;</g:mo> <g:mn>0.001</g:mn> </g:math> ) scopolamine-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This was supported by the reduction of neuronal alterations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Conclusions. Compared to donepezil, a standard drug against Alzheimer’s disease, these findings suggest that Z. jujuba extract possesses antiamnesic and neuroprotective effects, and these effects are mediated in part through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. These findings help to explain its use in treating psychiatric disorders in Cameroon’s folk medicine.

• #ziziphus jujuba studies and applications
• #natural compound pharmacology studies
• #magnolia and illicium research
• #ziziphus jujuba

Pergularia daemia alters epileptogenesis and attenuates cognitive impairment in kainate-treated mice: Insight into anti-inflammatory mechanisms

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Fleur Clarisse Okomolo Moto, Jean Pierre Omam Omam, Rigobert Espoir Mbomo Ayissi, Lucie Ojong, Elisabeth Ngo Bum

Epilepsy & Behavior

• #phytochemistry and bioactive compounds
• #phytochemistry and bioactivity studies
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #epileptogenesis

Pergularia daemia hydro-ethanolic extract protects against pentylenetetrazole kindling-induced seizures, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in mice

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Fleur Clarisse Okomolo Moto, Rigobert Espoir Mbomo Ayissi, Jean Pierre Omam Omam, Lucie Ojong, Elisabeth Ngo Bum

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

• #phytochemistry and bioactive compounds
• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #kindling

Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Danide Nguedia, Espoir R. Ayissi, Jonas Kouamouo, Théophile Dimo

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive cognitive dysfunction. However, pharmacological treatments are symptomatic and have many side effects, opening the opportunity to alternative medicine. This study investigated the antiamnesic effect of the aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba on D-galactose-induced working memory impairment in rats. Impairment of working memory was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of D-galactose (350 mg/kg/day) to rats for 21 days. These animals were then subjected to object recognition and Y-maze tests. Rats with confirmed memory impairment were treated per os (p.o.) with tacrine (10 mg/kg), aspirin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), extract (41.5, 83, and 166 mg/kg, p.o.), and distilled water (10 mL/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days. At the end of the treatments, alteration in working memory was assessed using the above paradigms. Afterward, these animals were euthanized, and cholinergic, proinflammatory, and neuronal damage markers were analyzed in the prefrontal cortex. Rats administered D-galactose and treated with distilled water had impaired working memory (evidenced by decreased time spent on the novel object and discrimination index) and decreased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. D-galactose also decreased the levels of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine and increased the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Treatment with the extract (166 mg/kg) reversed the time spent on the novel object and the discrimination index. It equally increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation. Neurochemical analysis revealed that the extract markedly alleviated acetylcholinesterase activity and neuroinflammation. These observations were corroborated by the reduction in neuronal loss. Taken together, these results suggest that Ziziphus jujuba aqueous extract possesses an antiamnesic effect. This effect seems to involve cholinergic and anti-inflammatory modulations. This, therefore, claims using this plant in the treatment of dementia in Cameroon subject to further studies and trials.

• #ziziphus jujuba studies and applications
• #antioxidants, aging, portulaca oleracea
• #gaba and rice research
• #morris water navigation task

Neuroprotective and Antiamnesic Effects of Mitragyna inermis Willd (Rubiaceae) on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

David Bougolla Pahaye, Elisabeth Ngo Bum, Germain Sotoing Taïwé, Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye, Neteydji Sidiki, Fleur Clarisse Okomolo Moto and 7 more

Behavioural Neurology

Aim . To assess memory improvement and neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of Mitragyna inermis ( M. inermis ) leaf decoction on the central nervous system. Methodology . Leaf decoction of M. inermis was tested on learning and memory in normal and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice using memory behavioral tests such as the Morris water maze, object recognition task, and elevated plus maze. Oxidative stress enzymes—catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, a product of lipid peroxidation—were quantified. In each test, mice 18 to 25 g were divided into groups of 5. Results . The extract reversed the effects of scopolamine in mice. The extract significantly increased discrimination index in the object recognition task test and inflexion ratio in the elevated plus maze test. The times spent in target quadrant in MWM increased while the transfer latency decreased in mice treated by M. inermis at the dose of 196.5 mg/kg. The activity levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased, whereas the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was significantly decreased after 8 consecutive days of treatment with M. inermis at the dose of 393 mg/kg. Conclusion . These results suggest that M. inermis leaf extract possess potential antiamnesic effects.

• #alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
• #pharmacological effects of natural compounds
• #medicinal plants and neuroprotection
• #morris water navigation task

Pergulalaria Daemia Aqueous Extract Ameliorates Seizures and Prevents Oxidative Stress in Mice Model of Epilepsy

Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Germain Sotoing Taïwé, Fleur Clarisse Okomolo Moto, Simon Palé, Neteydji Sidiki, G.C.N. Nkantchoua and 1 more

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences

• #phytochemistry and bioactivity studies
• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #pharmacological effects of natural compounds
• #epilepsy