Florence Tsofack Ngueguim

Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze Leaf Aqueous Extract Improves Liver Architecture in a Model of Aflatoxin‐Containing Peanut‐Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Adolphe Mbatchou, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Jean Hubert Donfack, Racéline Kamkumo Gounoue, Michel Arnaud Mbock, Jean Philippe Djientcheu Tientcheu and 4 more

Journal of Toxicology

Consumption of aflatoxin‐contaminated food is responsible for hepatotoxicity. Dichrocephala integrifolia ( D. integrifolia ) is used in traditional African medicine to treat various liver diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of aqueous leaf extract of D. integrifolia on aflatoxin‐containing peanut‐induced liver damage in Wistar rats. The animals were fed the standard diet (SD) or the SD supplemented with stored and poorly preserved peanuts (50:50) containing aflatoxins for 42 days. Then, animals received the diet concomitantly with D. integrifolia (100, 200 mg/kg), or Silybon 100 mg/kg for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, biochemical markers, including the lipid profile, liver function markers, and proinflammatory markers, were evaluated. A histopathological analysis of the liver was performed. Semiquantitative evaluation of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts by thin‐layer chromatography was carried out, and phytochemical characterization of the extract by high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was performed. As a result, poorly stored peanuts contain 20 μg/kg aflatoxin B1/kg of peanuts. Consumption of contaminated peanuts resulted in inflammation characterized by a significant increase ( p < 0.001) in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, INF‐γ, and IL‐13) and a significant increase ( p < 0.001) in transaminase activities, GGT, ALP, and levels of total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and a significant decrease ( p < 0.001) in HDL cholesterol and albumin levels. These various abnormalities were accompanied by a significant increase ( p < 0.001) in oxidative stress. These disturbances were confirmed by hepatic cytolysis, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular congestion. Treatment with D. integrifolia extract at all doses tested reversed these abnormalities. These beneficial effects of the extract could be due to β ‐amyrin formate, identified in this extract, and could therefore justify the use of this plant extract in traditional medicine to manage liver diseases.

• #peanut plant research studies
• #essential oils and antimicrobial activity
• #drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protection
• #aflatoxin

Osteoprotective Effects and In Silico Profiling of Parinari curatellifolia Planch. Ex Benth. (Chrysobalanaceae) Extract on Acute Plasmodium berghei ‐Compromised Rat Bone

Josiane Jouonzo, Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Noella Molisa Efange, Sylvestre Saidou Tsila, Bruno Dupon Akamba Ambamba and 5 more

Chemistry & Biodiversity

Parinari curatellifolia leaves and stem bark are traditionally used, to treat both malaria and bone disorders. This work aimed at investigating the osteoformative effects of the P. curatellifolia aqueous leaves and bark mixture extract on malaria-induced bone alterations. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the extract was assessed on Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Dd2. The phytochemical characterization of the extract and its fractions was carried out using LC-MS technique. The in vivo study was evaluated using Plasmodium berghei ANKA-induced malaria and bone disorders. Parasitemia was monitored, and hematological, biochemical, immunological, and histopathological parameters were assessed. The docking study was performed on Pf20S, TyrRS, MyD88, and RANKL using the Molecular Operating Environment 14. The extract exhibited in vitro antiplasmodial activity on P. falciparum 3D7 and Dd2 strains. The LC-MS analysis of the extract and fractions revealed several peaks, of which 12 were characterized. The extract reduced parasitemia (p < 0.001), improved hematological parameters, corrected malaria-induced bone damage by increasing (p < 0.001) bone osteocalcin, TGF-β1, ALP activity, mineralization, as well as reversing Plasmodium-induced inflammation. Likewise, the identified compounds exhibited strong inhibitory binding potential. These findings support the ability of the extract to correct malaria-related bone disorders by acting as an antiplasmodial, osteoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent.

• #bone metabolism and diseases
• #malaria research and control
• #medicinal plant pharmacodynamics research
• #in vivo

Aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae) alleviates bone metabolism disorders induced by oxidised palm oil and sucrose supplementation in rats

Nadine Florence Ambomo, Racéline Kamkumo Gounoue, Jean Hubert Donfack, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Angèle Carine Bidja, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet and 1 more

The Journal of Phytopharmacology

Background: Poor nutritional status disrupts bone metabolism leading to fractures. This study investigated the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Alstonia boonei on fractured rats fed a diet supplemented with oxidised palm oil and sucrose. Methods: The iodine, peroxide and acidity indexes of the oxidised palm oil were determined. Bone damage was induced by feeding rats an oxidised palm oil/sucrose enriched diet for 16 weeks followed by fracture. Fractured animals received distilled water or plant extract (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) simultaneously with their diet for two weeks. Biochemical parameters including lipid profile, bone markers, oxidative stress and hematological parameters were assessed. X-rays and histology of the femur were performed. Results: Oxidised palm oil showed a significant increase in the peroxide and acidity indexes, while the iodine index decreased. Fractured rats fed a diet enriched with oxidised palm oil and sucrose exhibited dyslipidemia, altered haematological parameters and oxidative stress bone ALP activity with poor natural bone formation. Fracture induced a decrease in bone calcium and an increase in bone ALP. A. boonei extract improved lipid profile, hematological and oxidative stress parameters. There was a significant increase in femoral calcium and a significant decrease in femoral ALP. In addition, a better organisation of the bone architecture was observed, with a marked effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results suggest that A. boonei leaf improves bone repair in poor nutritional conditions, thanks to its hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties mediated by the minerals and secondary metabolites contained in the extract.

• #alcoholism and thiamine deficiency
• #vitamin k research studies
• #diet and metabolism studies
• #apocynaceae

Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Robinson Leaves Aqueous Extract Improves the Femoral Head in Ethanol‐Induced Osteonecrosis in Rats

Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Racéline Kamkumo Gounoue, Jean Hubert Donfack, Sandra Manefen Simo, Josiane Jouonzo, Rodrigue Fifen and 2 more

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Chronic alcohol consumption damages bone formation and causes bone pathology, including osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the leaf aqueous extract of Chromolaena odorata ( C. odorata ) on the femoral head in ethanol‐induced osteonecrosis in rats. Animals received alcohol (40°) at 3 g/kg for 12 weeks. A group of animals were sacrificed to attest to the instalment of osteonecrosis by using histopathological analysis. The remaining animals received alcohol concomitantly with the plant extract (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg) or diclofenac (1 mg/kg) for 28 additional days. At the end of the experimental period, biochemical parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities were measured. Histopathological and histomorphometry analyses of femurs were also assessed. The administration of alcohol, irrespective of the experimental period, induced a significant increase in total cholesterol ( p &lt; 0.05) and triglyceride ( p &lt; 0.01) and a decrease in ALP ( p &lt; 0.05) and calcium ( p &lt; 0.05– p &lt; 0.001) levels. Intoxicated animals showed an alteration in oxidative stress parameters accompanied by a significant drop in bone cortical thickness and density with necrosis and marked bone resorption. The concomitant administration of the plant with ethanol reversed the alcohol‐induced bone defect, characterized by the improvement of the lipid profile ( p &lt; 0.001), bone calcium concentration ( p &lt; 0.05), bone ALP activity ( p &lt; 0.001), oxidative stress parameters, improved cortical bone thickness ( p &lt; 0.01), and bone density ( p &lt; 0.05). These results are supported by the absence of bone resorption with an obvious effect at a dose of 300 mg/kg. The pharmacological effect of the extract on ethanol‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is probably due to its osteogenic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant properties, justifying its use in Cameroonian folk medicine for articulation and bone pain management.

• #bone and joint diseases
• #bone health and treatments
• #hip disorders and treatments
• #alkaline phosphatase

Corrigendum to “Phytoceramides and acylated phytosterol glucosides from Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. Seed coat and their osteogenic activity” [Phytochemistry 81 (2012) 117–125]

Preety Dixit, Kailash Chand, Mohd Parvez Khan, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Deepshikha Tewari, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim and 2 more

Phytochemistry

• #phytochemistry and bioactive compounds
• #plant physiology and cultivation studies
• #plant reproductive biology
• #phytochemistry

The Mixture Aqueous Extracts from Oxalis corniculata L. and Acmella caulirhiza Delile Accelerates Bone Healing in Fractured Rats

Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Josiane Jouonzo, Jean Hubert Donfack, Racéline Kamkumo Gounoue, Jean Philippe Djientcheu Tientcheu, Clarice Noussi Djouwoug and 3 more

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research

Background: Bone fracture is a condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone due to traumatic or pathological factors. Fracture management includes orthopedic, surgical, non-surgical techniques and drug treatments. However, these treatments possess a limitation. Facilitating bone healing process reduce the cost, the time of treatment and is also beneficial for a quick recovery of the patient. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the mixture aqueous extracts from Oxalis corniculata and Acmella caulirhiza on the bone formation.&#x0D; Methodology: Wistar female rats were fractured using a drill machine by inserting a drill bit in the femur diaphysis. Fractured animals were subdivided into five groups. One group receiving palm oil, four groups receiving the mixture of plant extracts at the doses of 150, 300, 600 mg/kg or diclofenac at the dose of 357 mg/kg. Substances were given via percutaneous and oral routes for two weeks. At the end of the experimental period, bones were collected and homogenized for the evaluation of the following biochemical parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP); reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrites, superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. Moreover, histomorphometry of the bone at the fracture site was realized.&#x0D; Results: Percutaneous treatment with the plant extracts resulted in a significant increase of ALP activity (p&lt;0.05) in fractured rats as compared to the control. The mixture extracts also alleviated the fracture-induced oxidative stress by increasing the concentrations of GSH and nitrites; SOD and catalase activities. Furthermore, the plant extracts improved deregulated cytokines observed in fractured bone. Histopathological examination showed a more pack-like structure with a significant decrease in trabeculae number, trabecular interspace with the increase in the bone thickness.&#x0D; Conclusion: The mixture aqueous extracts from Oxalis corniculata and Acmella caulirhiza possesses bone healing effect due to its ability to alleviate oxidative stress, regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the structure of the new bone formed.

• #herbal medicine research studies
• #complementary and alternative medicine studies
• #drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protection
• #bone healing

Anti-Amnesic and Neuroprotective Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Aqueous Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rats

Etienne Djeuzong, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Séfirin Djiogue, Danide Nguedia, Stéphanie Lewale, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim and 2 more

Research Square

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that affects more than 44 million people worldwide. The available treatments target the symptoms rather than underlying causes. <italic>Ziziphus jujuba</italic> (Rhamnaceae) is used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to treat many disorders including memory impairments. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective effects of <italic>Z. jujuba</italic> aqueous extract on scopolamine-induced memory disorders in rats. <bold>Methods:</bold> Learning and memory impairments were induced in rats by scopolamine (1mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Rats that developed cognitive impairments were divided as follows: two positive control groups received piracetam (200 mg/kg, <italic>p.o.</italic>) or tacrine (1 mg/kg, <italic>p.o.</italic>); three test groups received the extract (29, 57, and 114 mg/kg, <italic>p.o., </italic>respectively) daily for 15 days. At the end of treatments, memory impairments were assessed by Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and some biochemical parameters (oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis) were estimated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.<bold>Results:</bold> <italic>Z. jujuba</italic> decreased the time to reach the platform and increased the time in the target quadrant. However, it failed to affect spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze. Furthermore, the extract reversed scopolamine-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This was confirmed with the prevention of neuronal loss in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> These findings suggest that <italic>Z. jujuba</italic> extract possesses ant-amnesic and neuroprotective effects. It seems that these effects are mediated in part by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. This, therefore, justify its use to treat dementia and psychiatric disorders in Cameroon’s folk medicine.

• #ziziphus jujuba studies and applications
• #alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
• #biochemical analysis and sensing techniques
• #morris water navigation task

Antimalarial activity of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia cordifolia Elliot in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo, JauresMarius Tsakem Nangap, LauveRachel Tchokouaha Yamthe, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou, Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali and 2 more

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

Objective: To evaluate the antimalarial activity of the aqueous extract of Euphorbia (E.) cordifolia Elliot against Plasmodium (P.) berghei-infected mice.Methods: Thirty healthy Swiss mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 200 μL of P. berghei parasitized-erythrocytes and divided into five groups, and then daily treated for 5 d with single dose of 10 mL/kg of distilled water for malaria control, 10 mg/kg of chloroquine for the chloroquine control and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of E. cordifolia for the three test groups. Parasitaemia was monitored by Giemsa-staining. At the end of the treatment, animals were sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analyses. Organs were collected for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Statistical significance (P<0.05) was evaluated by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post-test using Graphpad prism 7.0.Results: E. cordifolia extract decreased the parasite load to 2.46%, with an effective dose (ED50) of 113.07 mg/kg compared to the malaria group where the parasite load increased to (46.46±10.28)%. E. cordifolia extract prevented hypoglycaemia, anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia, attenuated the increase of transaminases activities, bilirubin and creatinine rate, and improved catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, while reducing malondialdehyde contents in the liver and kidney. E. cordifolia extract significantly prevented histological damages observed in the malaria control group. No acute toxicity sign was observed in mice with plant extract at the dose up to 5 000 mg/kg.Conclusions: E. cordifolia extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant antimalarial effects. This results support its traditional use in the treatment of malaria.

• #malaria research and control
• #drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protection
• #bioactive natural diterpenoids research
• #plasmodium berghei

In vivo curative antimalarial effects of the aqueous extract of Entandrophragma angolense bark on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice

Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo, Abel Narcisse Messi Betene, Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou, Jean Hubert Donfack, Marius Jaurès Tsakem Nangap, Albertine Ngako and 5 more

Abstract Background Research for new antimalarial drugs remains a permanent quest for the control of malaria disease due to the emerging parasite resistances. The present study investigates the effects of the aqueous extract of Entandrophragma angolense (E. angolense) bark on Plasmodium. berghei-induced malaria in mice. Methods Eight weeks old female mice, were intraperitoneally infested with 200 μL of mouse blood, containing 1x106 P. berghei-infected-erythrocytes. Parasitaemia was determined using a 10% giemsa stained blood smear read under optical microscope (x100). The infected animals were randomized into 5 groups of 10 animals each and daily treated for 5 days with the plant extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg / kg. The malaria control received distilled water (10 mL / kg) while the chloroquine control was treated with 10 mg / kg of chloroquine. A group of healthy mice was used as the normal control and received distilled water. Body weight, parasitaemia and survival time were monitored daily during treatment and follow up periods. Five animals from each group were sacrificed under anaesthesia at the end of treatment (d8) and after the follow up period (d28). Venous blood was used for haematological and biochemical tests. Organs (liver, kidneys and spleen) were also collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Results Administration of the aqueous extract of E. angolense bark to infected mice significantly inhibited parasite development (p &lt; 0.001) with ED50 estimated at 25.32 mg / kg. The extract prevented animal from death, body weight loss, anaemia, leucocytosis, high transaminases (ALT and AST), high bilirubin, creatinine and MDA levels, oxidative stress and anatomical alteration in organs as compared to the malaria control. Conclusions The E. angolense bark possesses antimalarial properties, supporting its use in traditional medicine to treat malaria.

• #malaria research and control
• #traditional and medicinal uses of annonaceae
• #plasmodium berghei
• #chloroquine

Oxidised palm oil and sucrose induced hyperglycemia in normal rats: effects of Sclerocarya birrea stem barks aqueous extract

Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Eloi Christian Esse, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Racéline Kamkumo Gounoue, Danielle Claude Bilanda, Pièrre Kamtchouing and 1 more

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

BACKGROUND: Consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates and fats, result in an increase in obesity and consequently type 2 diabetes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of oxidised palm oil and sucrose (SOPO +S) on some metabolic parameters and to investigate the effects of aqueous extract from barks of Sclerocarrya birrea on SOPO + S induced damages. METHODS: During 16 weeks, animals received every day a supplement of oxidised palm oil (10 %) and 10 % sucrose as drinking water). Control rat received standard diet and drinking water without sucrose. At the end of this period, animal presenting intolerance in glucose test and insensitivity to insulin were continuously feed with hypercaloric diet along with the administration of the plant extract (150 or 300 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) during three weeks. OGTT was performed; insulin sensitivity was assessed by performing insulin tolerance test and determining insulin sensitivity index (Kitt). Several parameters were evaluated including body weight, abdominal fat mass, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, serum lipid profile, and serum transaminases (ALT and AST). Oxidative parameters were measured by MDA levels, nitrites levels, SOD levels, reduced glutathione content and by enzyme activities of SOD and catalase. RESULTS: Animal receiving a supplement of oxidised palm oil and sucrose showed hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and a significant increase in body weight and abdominal fat mass compared to normal rats. In addition, there was a significant increase of SOD in aorta and heart, nitrites in liver and kidney, malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart, liver and kidney. It was also observed a significant reduction in the activities of the SOD and catalase in liver, kidney and reduced glutathione levels in heart. Concomitant treatment of plant extract with SOPO + S brought glycaemia and blood pressure towards normal value, restored glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The plant extract prevent the increase or decrease in the activity of the enzyme depending to the organ, reduced MDA and nitrites levels. CONCLUSION: These results highlighted the hyperglycaemic and oxidant character of SOPO + S diet and confirm the hypoglycaemic, and antioxidant action of sclerocarya birrea aqueous extract in diabetes.

• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #coconut research and applications
• #natural products and biological research
• #medicine

Ethanol extract of Peperomia pellucida (Piperaceae) promotes fracture healing by an anabolic effect on osteoblasts

Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Mohd Parvez Khan, Jean Hubert Donfack, Deepshikha Tewari, Théophile Dimo, P. Kamtchouing and 2 more

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

• #piperaceae chemical and biological studies
• #ion channels and receptors
• #phytochemicals and medicinal plants
• #bone morphogenetic protein 2

Evaluation of Cameroonian plants towards experimental bone regeneration

Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Mohd Parvez Khan, Jean Hubert Donfack, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Deepshikha Tewari, Geet Kumar Nagar and 4 more

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

• #herbal medicine research studies
• #plant-derived bioactive compounds
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #bone healing

Hepatho-nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of stem bark of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Allanblackia gabonensis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; aqueous extract against acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney disorders in rats

Edwige Ymele Chiogo Vouffo, Flaure Metchi Donfack, Roméo Joel Guemmogne Temdie, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Jean Hubert Donfack, Desire Dzeufiet and 2 more

Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine

Objective: Allanblackia gabonensis (Guttiferae) is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat some inflammatory diseases. As oxidative stress promotes the development of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepato-nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of A.gabonensis on APAP-induced liver and kidney damage. Methods: A.gabonensis was given daily per os during 7 days, followed by APAP which was given 2 h after the 6th dose for preventive effect, whereas for curative testing A.gabonensis was administrated 30 min after APAP (2 g/kg). Preventive and curative effects were observed by following biochemical parameters analysis: transaminases, bilirubin, creatinine, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Results: The aqueous extract of A.gabonensis at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg produced significant hepato-nephroprotective activity by reducing the serum effect of MDA while it significantly produced an increase in enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD and CAT) and non enzymatic antioxidant (GSH) levels. A.gabonensis also showed a significant decrease in transaminase, bilirubin and creatinine in APAP intoxicicated rats at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that aqueous extract of A.gabonensis may possess hepato-nephroprotective activities which can be partly attributed to its antioxidant properties.

• #drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protection
• #pharmacological effects of natural compounds
• #ginger and zingiberaceae research
• #acetaminophen

In vitro hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the crude extract and isolated compounds from Irvingia gabonensis

Jean Hubert Donfack, Ghislain W. Fotso, B. Ngameni, Florence Tsofack Ngueguim, Abdou Tchoukoua, P. Ambassa and 9 more

亚洲传统医药

The in vitro hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract from Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry Lecomte ex O’Rorke) on CCl4induced liver cell damage as well as the possible antioxidant mechanisms involved in this protective effect were investigated. The phytochemical investigation of this methanolic extract led to the isolation of seven compounds identified as: 3-friedelanone (1); betulinic acid (2); oleanolic acid (3); 3, 3’, 4’-tri-O-trimethylellagic acid (4); methyl gallate (5); hardwickiic acid (6) and 3-β-acetoxyursolic acid (7). The hepatoprotective activity of these compounds was tested in vitro against CCl4-induced damage in rat hepatoma cells. Compounds (3), (7), (5) and (2) showed significant hepatoprotective activity as indicated by their ability to prevent liver cell death and LDH leakage during CCl4 intoxication. In addition, 2, 4-dinitrophenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the β-Carotene-Linoleic Acid Model System (β-CLAMS), the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Parameter (FRAP) and microsomal lipid peroxidation assays were used to measure the antioxidant activity of the crude extract and isolated compounds. Compared with compounds (1), (2), (4), and (6), compounds (3), (5) and (7) showed significant antioxidant effects involving radicalscavenging action, inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation, β-CLAMS and FRAP assays. These results suggest that the protective effects of the crude extract of Irvingia gabonensis against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity possibly involve the antioxidant effect of these compounds.

• #natural product bioactivities and synthesis
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #antioxidant

Acute and chronic anti-inflammatory properties of the stem bark aqueous and methanol extracts of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae)

Agathe Lambou Fotio, Théophile Dimo, Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack, Paul Désiré Djomeni Dzeufiet, Esther Ngo Lemba, Roméo Joel Guemmogne Temdie and 6 more

Inflammopharmacology

• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #natural product bioactivities and synthesis
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #histamine