Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa

Disparities in Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension amongst Bamiléké Adults Residing in Two Different Agroecological Zones of Cameroon

Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo, Nanhah Kamga Jules Vidal, Alice Louise Woguia, Pauline Vervaine Hagbe, David Goda, Dany Joël Ngassa Ngoumen and 4 more

Open Journal of Epidemiology

Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension (HTN) are one of the main causes of death in Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing prevalence disparities and determinants of hypertension amongst Bamiléké adults residing in two different agroecological zones of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted among Bamiléké population living in the Highlands zone (Western region) and in the Monomodal Rainforest zone (Littoral region) of Cameroon from August 2016 to August 2017. Participants (962) were aged at least 20 years old. Data on sociodemographic, hemodynamic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters and lifestyle of the participants were collected. Results: Results obtained revealed that 34.2% were hypertensive and those residing in the highland zone were more affected than those living in the monomodal rainforest zone (44.5% vs 22.9%). The different subtypes of HTN (Isolated systolic hypertension (14.1%), isolated diastolic hypertension (7.2%) and Systo-diastolic hypertension (23.3%)) were also more prevalent in the Highlands Zone. The most prevalent stage of HTN was pre-HTN (31.5%). However, people living in the monomodal rainforest zone were more affected by pre-HTN compared to Bamiléké living in the highland zone (33.6% vs. 29.6%). Results also showed that high consumption (≥ 3 times/week) of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods, ageing, obesity, and marital status were associated with high blood pressure in both agroecological zones. Besides, secondary education (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.42 - 0.99) in the Highlands Zone and high (≥3 times/week) vegetable consumption (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44 - 0.98) in the Monomodal Rainforest Zone had a protective effect on elevated blood pressure of population. Conclusion: There is a disparity in the prevalence of hypertension and some of its determinants among Bamiléké adults residing in different agroecological zones. This work highlights the need to advocate for local and ethno-cultural health policies to prevent, diagnose and manage hypertension.

• #blood pressure and hypertension studies
• #nutritional studies and diet
• #diabetes, cardiovascular risks, and lipoproteins
• #medicine

The effects of DyglomeraⓇ (dichrostachys glomerata extract) on body fat percentage and body weight: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Janvier Youovop, Guy Roussel Takuissu, Christelle Mbopda, Felix Nwang, Raissa Francoise Ntentie, Mary-Ann Angie Mbong and 3 more

Functional Foods in Health and Disease

Introduction: Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of Dyglomera®, a hydroethanolic extract of Dichrostachys glomerata, on inflammation as well as parameters linked to metabolic syndrome. Its effect on body fat was however not verified. The present study was therefore carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of the Dyglomera®, on overweight and obese subjects.Methods: This 12-week randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial had percentage body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body weight and body mass index set as efficacy endpoints. On the other hand, key biochemical parameters were measured as secondary endpoints. The values of these parameters at T12 compared to T0 for the placebo and Dyglomera® groups were used as a measure of the efficacy. Results: Subjects treated with Dyglomera® for 12 weeks showed significant differences, with 6.73 kg (p<0.05) decrease in the body weight and 22.85% (p<0.05) reduction in the percentage body fat. In addition, the markers of lipid profile, adipocytokines, glycemia and transaminases plasmatic activities were also improved by the intake of Dyglomera®.Conclusions: This study shows that Dyglomera® effectively decreases the body weight in obese subjects after 12 weeks of treatment, which was accompanied by a reduction in the body fat and related disorders. Dyglomera®is a good agent for overweight and obesity management.Keywords: Dichrostachys glomerata, Dyglomera®, body fat percentage, body weight, clinical trials.

• #adipokines, inflammation, and metabolic diseases
• #medicinal plants and bioactive compounds
• #pharmacology and obesity treatment
• #overweight

Clinical Characteristics and Classification of Obese Cameroonians with a Metabolically Normal Phenotype in the Western Region of Cameroon

Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo, Judith Laure Ngondi, Françoise Raïssa Ntentié, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Javeres Leonel Ntepe Mbah, Julius Enyong Oben

SSRN Electronic Journal

• #diet and metabolism studies
• #diabetes, cardiovascular risks, and lipoproteins
• #liver disease diagnosis and treatment
• #phenotype

Effect of Ndonga (Paste of Mixed Spices) on Some Metabolic Parameters in Rats Fed With a High-Calorie Diet

Mary-Ann Mbong Angie, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Françoise Raïssa Ntentié, Felix Nwang, Julius Enyong Oben, Remy Orang

Current Developments in Nutrition

The beneficial role of spices on health has long been proven. In Cameroon, spices are mostly been consumed as a mixture added in meal preparations not for their health benefits but for their capacity to enhance the taste or the flavour of the meals. Therefore, associating the health advantages with the culinary properties will make it possible to better valorize these spices largely consumed by Cameroonian populations. Thus the present work aimed at evaluating the effect of Ndonga (a paste of mixed spices) on some biological parameters in rats fed with a high-calorie diet. The paste was purchased from a local manufacturer and vendor in Kumbe-Bakundu, South-West Region, Cameroon. Part of the spice mixture was macerated in distilled water (1:6w/v) for 24 h and the filtrate was used to assess for bioactive compounds. The other part was used to supplement at 5 and 10% a High-fat high sucrose diet (HFHSD) used to feed rats (treated groups). The experimentation included a rat group fed with a normal diet (ND) and a positive control group fed with no supplemented HFHSD. Body weight was registered for all rats throughout the experimental period that lasted 28 days. Fasting blood and organs collected from rats were used for biochemical assays. Bioactive molecules such as polyphenols and flavonoids were present in the prepared aqueous extract. Total antioxidant capacity and DPPH scavenging capacity were both found to be more important in the acidified water extract. In vivo results revealed that weight gain was least important (+3, 05%) in the group supplemented with 10% Ndonga compared to all the other groups (P < 0.05) as well as a lower triglyceride level (69,2 ± 9,31 mg/dL) (p< 0.05). Apart from the normal group where food consumption was lowest, food intake was similar in all groups. HDL-cholesterol level was higher in the group supplemented with 5% Ndonga (P < 0.05). Liver and kidney parameters were found to be ameliorated in supplemented groups. Supplementation of meals with Ndonga can ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and thus prevent atherogenic risk. The present work did not receive any funding.

• #african botany and ecology studies
• #food science
• #polyphenol
• #dpph

Relationship between Adiposity, Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles Size and Cardiovascular Risk among Adult Obese Cameroonians

Jacob Tchinda Nkougni, Françoise Raïssa Ntentié, Martin Fonkoua, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Guy Roussel Takuissu Nguemto, Evelyn Ngwa Lumngwena and 2 more

Open Journal of Epidemiology

Background: Despite the evidence about the increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult obese Cameroonians, little is known about the Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles which influence lipid metabolism and affect cardiovascular status. The present study aims to assess the relationship between adiposity, LDL particles size and cardiovascular risk (CVR) among adult obese Cameroonians. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2015 to March 2016 on apparently healthy adults (n = 1006), aged 20 - 70 years and living in the West and North-West regions of Cameroon. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile markers were analyzed and LDL particle phenotypes (LDL phenotype A; LDL phenotype I; LDL phenotype B) were characterized using small, dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-c) levels. Abdominal fat accumulation (AFA) was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm (men) and ≥90 cm (women) and the CVR was assessed using Framingham score method. Results: In the overall population, 36.6% were overweight, 33.1% were obese and 69.1% were overweight/obese with AFA. The prevalence of LDL phenotype B was 19.8%, 37.5% and 42.8% respectively in normal-weight, overweight and obese. Among the obese, sdLDL and triglycerides levels correlated significantly with WC (r = 0.768; p < 0.05 and r = 0.768; p < 0.05 respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.895; p < 0.01 and r = 0.676; p < 0.01 respectively). The risk of having LDL phenotype B in overweight/obese patients with higher CVR was three times greater in overweight/obese patients with AFA (OR: 3.1; CI 95% (0.8 - 9.1); p = 0.007) as compared to those without AFA (OR: 1.6; CI 95% (0.8 - 2.9); p = 0.021). Conclusion: Among obese Cameroonians, anthropometric markers of adiposity (BMI and WC) were strongly correlated to LDL phenotype B which was associated with high CVR dependently of AFA. SdLDL particles could exacerbate the CVR in obese Cameroonians subjects.

• #lipoproteins and cardiovascular health
• #cancer, lipids, and metabolism
• #diabetes, cardiovascular risks, and lipoproteins
• #medicine

Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Stem Bark Extracts of Coula edulis Baill (Olacaceae)

Eric Beyegue, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Angie M-A Mbong, Julius E. Oben

Journal of Food Research

Prolonged hyperglycemia enhances oxidative stress. Bioactive compounds extracted possess antioxidant, anti-free radical potentials or the ability to reduce blood sugar levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of extracts of stem bark of Coula edulis Baill., their abilities to trap free radicals and glucose, as well as their ability to inhibit &amp;alpha;-amylase and invertase activities. In vitro assays were used to test the trapping capacity of extracts on DPPH, ABTS, NO, and OH radicals; to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the activity of glycosylation and the capacity of inhibition of the activities of &amp;alpha;-amylase and invertase were conducted. Also, phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents of extracts were determined. Results showed that extracts of the stem bark of C. edulis have anti-radical properties. The extracts chelate DPPH, hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO), ABTS radicals, and even glucose. The IC50 values varied depending on the nature of the extraction solvent. Ethanolic extract has the highest polyphenolic content (289.12 &amp;plusmn; 30.31 &amp;micro;g catechin equivalent/g), flavonoids (1.12 &amp;plusmn; 0.09 &amp;micro;g quercetin equivalent/g) and alkaloids (5.54 &amp;plusmn; 0.59 &amp;micro;g quinin equivalent/g). The extracts also reduce invertase and &amp;alpha;-amylase activities. C. edulis extracts present strong antioxidant potentials and can be used as a source of natural antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia.

• #phytochemicals and antioxidant activities
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #phytochemistry and biological activities
• #dpph

Metabolic Abnormalities and Metabolic Syndrome among Cameroonian Women: Comparative Study between Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

Françoise Raïssa Ntentié, Mary-Ann Angie Mbong, Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo, Boris Rornald Tonou Tchuenté, Ousmane Mfopou Mboindi, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa and 2 more

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines

The high prevalence of non-communicable diseases is a challenging problem in the Cameroonian population and women are the most affected. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among pre- and post-men- opausal women living in urban areas in Cameroon. A total of 499 women were recruited during a mass health campaign in 2018. Metabolic abnormalities were diagnosed using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. MetS was defined using IDF criteria with slight modification (total cholesterol used instead of HDL cholesterol). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between menopausal status and metabolic abnormalities and MetS in age control and non-control models. The prevalence of high waist- to-hip ratio (56.8% vs 36.3%, p < 0.001), elevated fasting blood glucose (glycemia ≥ 100 mg/dL) (38.7% vs 26.9%, p = 0.006); diabetes (14.6% vs 5.7%, p = 0.001); high triglycerides level (29.7% vs 17.1%, p = 0.002); hyperlipidemia (high total cholesterol and or triglycerides levels) (45.0% vs 30.8%, p = 0.002); and elevated blood pressure (67.9% vs 56.1%, p = 0.007) were higher among post-menopausal than pre-menopausal women. The overall prevalence of MetS was 30.1% and post-menopausal women were more affected (33.8% vs 25.0%; p = 0.034). The odds ratio of MetS was 1.888 (95% CI: 1.016 - 3.507) when age was covariate, but was slightly reduced without age control (OR = 1.532; 95% CI: 1.031 - 2.275). Metabolic abnormalities seem to be a major health problem among Cameroonian women and menopausal status increased the risk of developing a cardiovascular event.

• #diabetes, cardiovascular risks, and lipoproteins
• #lipoproteins and cardiovascular health
• #health promotion and cardiovascular prevention
• #medicine

Characterization of Dyslipidemia and Assessment of Atherogenic Risk amongst Cameroonian Living in Yaounde: A Cross Sectional Study

Huguette Cecile Mafo Yangoua, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Dieudonné Kuate, Françoise Raïssa Ntentié, Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo, Jacob Tchinda Nkougni and 3 more

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the lipid profile in nutritional categories, to characterize dyslipidemia and assess cardiovascular risk, to describe association between anthropometric markers, incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yaoundé from April 2014-June 2015. It included 1986 individuals, aged 20 - 65 years, both males (30.7%) and females (69.3%). Blood pressure, anthropometric measurement including weight, height, body fat, waist and hip circumference were performed. BMI was used to define nutritional status. Blood analysis included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin. Dyslipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and combined dyslipidemia. Atherogenic indexes were calculated for assessment of the cardiovascular risk. Results: Out of the 1986 participants, 544 (27.4%), 616 (31%), and 826 (41.6%) were normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. In obese, lipid profile varied according to gender (p 5) was (40.50%). Low HDL-cholesterolemia (75.4%) was the main lipid abnormality found, independently of gender, age, fat location. Waist circumference (WC) unlike body mass index (BMI) and body fatness was associated to hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Low HDL-cholesterolemia and high atherogenic risk profile are more prevalent amongst Cameroonian adults. Promotion of healthy lifestyle including good eating habits shall be encouraged to reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease complications.

• #diabetes, cardiovascular risks, and lipoproteins
• #lipoproteins and cardiovascular health
• #cancer, lipids, and metabolism
• #dyslipidemia

Society for translational medicine-expert consensus on the treatment of osteoarthritis

Dongquan Shi, Nick D. Clement, Rameah Bhonde, Shiro Ikegawa, Vasco Mascarenhas, Berardo Di Matteo and 30 more

Annals of Joint

Author(s): Shi, Dongquan; Clement, Nicholas D; Bhonde, Rameah; Ikegawa, Shiro; Mascarenhas, Vasco V; Di Matteo, Berardo; Indelli, Pier Francesco; Kourkoumelis, Nikolaos; Rodríguez-Merchán, E Carlos; Sheykhhasan, Mohsen; Fu, Freddie H; Vaz, Marco Aurélio; Kong, Jian; Azantsa, Boris Gabin Kingue; Ye, Chuan; Halabchi, Farzin; Cornish, Stephen M; Hausmann, Leslie RM; Campos, André Luiz Siqueira; Lopes de Jesus, Carlos César; Jorgensen, Christian; Ilieva, Elena M; Wang, Weiguo; Martínez, Laura Villarreal; Ahn, Hyochol; Shirinsky, Ivan V; Cheung, Corjena; Knutsen, Gunnar; Petersen, Wolf; Lane, Nancy E; Cai, Hong; Xu, Wei; Wu, Jian; Lu, Jun; Zhang, Yingze; Jiang, Qing

• #osteoarthritis treatment and mechanisms
• #osteoarthritis
• #medicine
• #articular cartilage

Influence of the harvesting area on the nutritional value, antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of Spirulina platensis (Gom.) in diabetic rats (type I diabetic)

Patrick Fogang Dongmo, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Dieudonné Kuate, Anne Pascale Nouemsi Kengne, Blaise Beblere Jebkalbe, Cerile Ypolyte Woumbo and 4 more

Investigational Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology

• #diet, metabolism, and disease
• #pancreatic function and diabetes
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #spirulina (dietary supplement)

The Use of a Stem and Leaf Aqueous Extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) to Reduce Body Fat and Other Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Participants

Robert J. Nash, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Dieudonné Kuate, Harrinder Singh, Julius Enyong Oben

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

BACKGROUND: Previous work had shown the ability of an aqueous leaf and stem extract of Cissus quandrangularis (300 mg of CQR, CQR-300) to improve components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in overweight individuals. OBJECTIVE: This small pilot study aimed to confirm the efficacy of CQR-300 in reducing the percentage body fat measured using two different methods-bioelectrical impedance assay versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). DESIGN: The study was an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial on 67 individuals who were requested by a dietary counselor to maintain their normal exercise and dietary routines. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, placebo (32 participants) and the CQR-300 group (35 participants), and received 300 mg of corn starch or CQR-300 daily. METHODS: Body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance using a TANITA impedance meter and by DEXA, with blood samples taken at baseline and at 8 weeks for the measurement of lipid parameters. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment, participants of the placebo group showed a 1.05% decrease in body fat as determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, but no difference using DEXA. In the same time period, the CQR-300 group had an 8.9% and 12.8% decreases in the body fat as measured by impedance and DEXA, respectively. These values were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the placebo. Compared with the placebo, the CQR-300 group demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the waist and hip circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, as well as leptin levels. On the contrary, there were significant (p < 0.05) increases in HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION: CQR-300 administered as a single 300 mg dose daily was effective in reducing body fat as well as improving blood parameters associated with MS.

• #body composition measurement techniques
• #ethnobotanical and medicinal plants studies
• #african botany and ecology studies
• #bioelectrical impedance analysis

The effect of extracts of Irvingia gabonensis (IGOB131) and Dichrostachys glomerata (Dyglomera™) on body weight and lipid parameters of healthy overweight participants

Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa, Dieudonné Kuate, Raoul Chakokam, Ghislain Djiokeng Paka, Barbara Bartholomew, Robert J. Nash

Functional Foods in Health and Disease

Background: Previous work reported the benefits of extracts of 2 Cameroonian spices – Irvingia gabonensis and Dichrostachys glomerata— on obese people with metabolic syndrome. Considering the physio-metabolic changes that accompany obesity, the present study investigates the effects of these extracts on healthy overweight participants over an 8-week test period.Methods: The study was an 8 week randomized double-blind, placebo controlled design involving 48 overweight (BMI 26 – 30) participants (27 females and 19 males), divided into 3 groups – placebo, 300 mg I. gabonensis extract (IGOB131), or 300 mg D. glomerata extract (DyglomeraTM). Capsules containing the placebo or the test formulations were administered once daily before the main meal of the day. No major dietary changes or changes in physical activity were demonstrated during the study. Weight and blood lipid parameters were measured at baseline, and at the 4 and 8 weeks interval.Results: Compared to the placebo group, there were significant (p&lt;0.05) reductions in weight of participants in both test groups over the 8 week period. However, these significant changes were not observed in the initial 4 weeks, even though the lipid parameters in the test groups changed significantly (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The extracts of Irvingia gabonensis and Dichrostachys glomerata, at a dose of 300 mg per day, were effective in reducing weight and positively modifying lipid parameters in healthy overweight participants.Keywords: Overweight, Dichrostachys, Irvingia, waist-hip circumference, blood lipids.

• #african botany and ecology studies
• #natural antidiabetic agents studies
• #cholesterol and lipid metabolism
• #overweight