PHY
Maître de Conférences
Scientific activity
Researcher profile
Faculty researcher at the University of Yaoundé I. Grade: Maître de Conférences.
Scientific publications
Mouhamed Nazir Mfoundikou, Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, François Lanzetta, Flavian Emmanuel Sapnken, Armel Zambou Kenfack, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua and 1 more
SSRN Electronic Journal
Armel Zambou Kenfack, Symphorien Tchimoe Kemle, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Elie Simo, Hermann Djeudjo Temene
Discover Applied Sciences
The heat absorption and management methods of PV module are very diverse and constantly developing. The advantages and disadvantages of each method imply an efficient method for optimal selection. Therefore, this paper aims to design a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) model to search for a better configuration of cooled PV/T. The algorithm provides a more objective and comprehensive understanding of the trade-offs and advantages associated with different cooling methods. Seven objective functions have been implemented. The Cost of Energy (COE), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Ergonomic Factor (EF) and Payback Time (CPBT) revealed that photovoltaic /thermal (PV/T) systems with hybrid cooling (Passive/Active) with forced convection PCM/Air (Phase Change Materials) are better. Similarly, the evaluation of the total annual cost (TAC) shows that air cooling systems are more economical. On the other hand, the cost evaluation shows $${\text{CO}}_{2}$$ that hybrid cooling systems with NanoPCM/TNF (Ternary Nanofluids) are less polluting. However, the payback time of the cooled PV module unit is less than 4 years and the sensitivity of the savings is more than $20 in only 5 years of life. The MOPSO method deduces that the PV/T systems with hybrid cooling PCM/Air are optimal compared to the hybrid systems TEG/NF (thermoelectric/Nanofluids) which are the least efficient. The proposed algorithm offers a robust and accurate method to optimize PV/T systems, thus outperforming other approaches presented in the literature.
Armel Zambou Kenfack, Symphorien Tchimoe Kemle, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Elie Simo, Hermann Djeudjo Temene
Research Square
Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Mahamat Hassane Babikir, David Awakem, Hermann Noume Chopkap, Elie Simo and 1 more
Results in Engineering
The Stirling refrigerator is a device capable of using green energies such as solar power. In this work, a refrigerator-Stirling/photovoltaic system is proposed to harness solar energy for cold production. The system consists of photovoltaic (PV) panels that capture solar energy and convert it into electricity, and a transmission belt linking the motor to the Stirling beta refrigerator to use the electricity for cooling purposes. The system is modeled on the basis of finite-dimensional thermodynamics, taking into account the refrigerator's internal and external irreversibilities. In addition, the wiring loss, dust coverage and shading of the photovoltaic system and the mechanical power loss of the Stirling refrigerator are taken into account in this model. Power equality has been considered as a system constraint. Finally, the effects of operational and design parameters on system performance are investigated. A numerical code is written in Matlab. The effects of PV module efficiency, Stirling regenerator efficiency and PV derating factor on system performance are quantified, also the optimum operating parameters obtained. The refrigerator-Stirling/photovoltaic has a high COP and a low cooling capacity, in contrast to the refrigerator-Stirling/Dish-Stirling. The optimum solar electric COP and maximum cooling rate are 0.7063 and 1413 W respectively at an optimum panel area of 2 m2. Optimum exergy efficiency is 38.5 % at fv = 0.1, ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) is 20.3 % at N = 48 rot.s−1, optimum exergy destroyed is 33.31 W at K1 = 21.5 W.K−1. This system can be used to preserve vaccines in hospitals.
Armel Zambou Kenfack, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Elie Simo, Mouhamed Nazir Mfoundikou, Jean Vanel Kenfack Fosso, Mahamat Hassane Babikir and 1 more
SN Applied Sciences
Abstract Hybrid PV/T (Photovoltaic/thermal) systems are a robust alternative to the limitations of PV panels and thermal collectors in energy production. Improving their performance is therefore necessary. This article presents a new configuration of hybrid photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) air/water-CuO/MgO/TiO 2 collector which is optimized by seeking a better combination of design parameters which maximize the exergy performance. An energy and exergy analysis of the system is carried out and a multi-objective optimization with the genetic algorithm is developed using Matlab. These to determine the values of these nine (9) design parameters such as collector tilt angle, collector area, center to center distance between tubes, inside and outside diameter of tubes and thicknesses of the cells, of the glass layer, of the insulation, of the absorber. The other parameters are taken constant and a set of optimal solutions are sought for 1000 generations. The comparison of the different numerical results from this article with the design parameters from previous work shows good agreement. It is observed that the total exergy efficiency is maximum between the values of 23.41–36.6% and the majority of the design parameters studied in general are minimum. The discussions deduced that the minimization of the components of the bi-fluid PV/T hybrid collector could reduce the losses inside the latter by favoring the cooling as well as the displacement of the heat at the back of the PV cell. This work shows that the mixture of water and ternary nanoparticles with a flow rate of 0.00575 kg/s cooled more than air at 0.008 kg/s, but the system performed better when the two fluids operated simultaneously at 0.0035 kg/s. Due to the requirement of optimal efficiency and minimum costs, the hybridization of nanoparticles presents better thermo-economic performances.
Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Rakotomalala Minoson Sendrahasina, Charline Malmedy, José A. Orosa, Elie Simo, Sigrid Reiter
Journal of Cleaner Production
Jose Ivan Charles Zambe, Elie Simo, Dylan Kouam Kuicheu, Péguy Rompavel Fono Fotso, Hakim Souleman Abdel
LASER THERAPY
The aim of the present study was to develop a protocol for the treatment of cancerous or benign tumours making use of laser rays, also demonstrating that the destruction process remains exclusively confined in the defective organ. Thermal effects of lasers on biological tissue have been elucidated using vibrational excitations approach of peptide groups (PGs). It was proposed a Hamiltonian which integrate excitations induced by laser pulses and it was shown that the system is governed by a nonlinear equation with strong nonlinearity. It was also exactly described what happens in polypeptide chain once the unwanted organ is irradiated by the Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, chosen as incident laser. It was shown that, the advent of incident laser beams contributes to a sudden reinforcement of the vibrational excitations of PGs frequencies and amplitudes. It was also demonstrated that the heating process leads to transverse and longitudinal deformation of the polypeptide chain and these sudden changes lead to the denaturation and subsequently to the destruction of the bulky organ. The drawn curves make it possible to estimate the spatial expansion of the denaturation, in order to effectively control the spread of the heat. Laser irradiation leads to a drastic increase in the vibration amplitudes of the PGs and subsequently results in the destruction of the undesirable tissue. An appropriate choice of the laser can make it possible to circumscribe the destruction only in the defective zone and to protect healthy cells.
Christophe Songong Tsakeu, Elie Simo, Josue Ivan Charles Zambe, Steve Franklin William Tabekoueng, Stephane Nguifo Sob
Civil Engineering and Architecture
We numerically performed the influence of moisture, external temperature and the type of concrete on the energy provided for buildings heating. The coefficient of diffusion is not taken as a constant. We developed a technique based on DOPRI5 fourth-and-fifth-order Runge-Kutta variable step integrator. Investigations were conducted in the range of -5: 20℃, which cover the majority of thermal conditions in which people live. As a result, energy consumption increased both with the increasing level of moisture content and with the decreasing level of the external temperature. For instance, in the case or normal concrete, when the outside temperature was T<sub>1</sub>= 15℃, the power of building heating was 30W/m<sup>2</sup> and when it was T<sub>1</sub>= -5℃, the power of building heating became 175W/m<sup>2</sup>. We have found that the presence of moisture induces additional energy expenditures. Two different types of concrete were involved in this study, namely normal concrete and pumice concrete. For an outdoor temperature of -5℃, the required heating power was 175W/m<sup>2</sup> in the case of a normal concrete wall. On the other hand, we needed only about 87.7W/m<sup>2</sup> when the wall was made of pumice concrete, showing that energy expenditure for pumice concrete was half that of normal concrete.
Elie Simo, Jimy Synclair Kenhago Watia, Steve Christopher SONGONG TSAKEU, Pierre Kisito Talla
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science
Elie Simo, Pascal Durant Dzali Mbeumo, Jeanne Claude Mbami Njeuten
Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering
Abstract We numerically investigated moisture transfer in buildings made of concrete. We considered three types of concrete: normal concrete, pumice concrete and cellular concrete. We present the results of a 1-D liquid water flow in such materials. We evaluated the moisture distribution in building materials using the Runge-Kutta fourth-and-fifth-order method. The DOPRI5 code was used as an integrator. The model calculated the resulting moisture content and other moisture-dependent physical parameters. The moisture curves were plotted. The dampness data obtained was utilized for the numerical computation of the coefficient of the capillary conductivity of moisture. Different profiles of this coefficient are represented. Calculations were performed for four different values of the outdoor temperature: -5°C, 0°C, 5°C and 10°C. We determined that the curves corresponding to small time intervals of wetting are associated with great amplitudes of the capillary conductivity . The amplitudes of the coefficient of the capillary conductivity decrease as the time interval increases. High outdoor temperatures induce high amplitudes of the coefficient of the capillary conductivity.
Arnaud Knippel, Jean-Guy Caputo, Elie Simo
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)
L'exposé reprendra en partie des résultats de l'article suivant : http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/46/3/035101 Oscillations of networks: the role of soft nodes Jean-Guy Caputo et al 2013 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46 035101
Jean-Guy Caputo, Arnaud Knippel, Elie Simo
Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical
To describe the flow of a miscible quantity on a network, we consider the graph wave equation where the standard continuous Laplacian is replaced by the graph Laplacian. The structure of the graph influences strongly the dynamics. Assuming the graph is forced and damped at specific nodes, we derive the amplitude equations using a basis of eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian. These lead us to introduce the notion of soft nodes. We give sufficient conditions for their existence in general graphs. They can cause several effects as we show on small graphs, for example the ineffectiveness of damping applied to them. Soft nodes may be of critical importance for complex physical networks and engineering networks like power grids.
Jean-Guy Caputo, Arnaud Knippel, Elie Simo
arXiv (Cornell University)
To describe the flow of a miscible quantity on a network, we introduce the graph wave equation where the standard continuous Laplacian is replaced by the graph Laplacian. This is a natural description of an array of inductances and capacities, of fluid flow in a network of ducts and of a system of masses and springs. The structure of the graph influences strongly the dynamics which is naturally described using the basis of the eigenvectors. In particular, we show that if two outer nodes are connected to a common third node with the same coupling, then this coupling is an eigenvalue of the Laplacian. Assuming the graph is forced and damped at specific nodes, we derive the amplitude equations. These are analyzed for two simple non trivial networks: a tree and a graph with a cycle. Forcing the network at a resonant frequency reveals that damping can be ineffective if applied to the wrong node, leading to a disastrous resonance and destruction of the network. These results could be useful for complex physical networks and engineering networks like power grids.
Physica Scripta
In this paper, we study the effects of mass inhomogeneities on the energy transfer by solitons in alpha-helical proteins. We demonstrate that such a system is governed by a standard elliptic type equation. Total energy of the soliton and its effective mass are calculated. We determine critical solitons' velocities at the borders of the inhomogeneous zone. In the case of light-mass-induced impurities, we obtain that oscillatory motions are possible provided cn-type solitons are considered. In the case of heavy-mass-induced impurities, oscillatory motion can be introduced by dn-type solitons. Pinning frequencies of oscillations are estimated.
Physica Scripta
A model of crystalline acetanilide, ACN accounting for the C=O and N–H vibrational self-trappings is presented. We develop a fully discrete version of ACN. We show that ACN can be described by a set of two coupled discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) equations. Modulational instabilities (MI) are studied both theoretically and numerically. Dispersion laws for the wavenumbers and frequencies of the linear modulation waves are determined. We also derived the criterion for the existence of MI. Numerical simulations are carried out for a variety of selected wave amplitudes in the unstable zone. It is shown that instabilities grow as the wavenumbers and amplitudes of the modulated waves increase. MI grow faster in the N–H mode than in the C=O mode. Temporal evolution of the density probabilities of the vibrational excitons are obtained by the numerical integration of the coupled DNLS equations governing the ACN molecule. These investigations confirm the generation of localized modes by the phenomenon of MI and the predominance of the N–H vibrational mode in the MI process of the ACN.
Elie Simo, Jean Guy Caputo
Chinese Journal of Physics
A model for the nonlinear transfer of vibrational energy in molecular chains is derived at temperatures of realistic interest for transport in proteins. The study includes the influence of the fluctuations of polarization in the chain. This theory exhibits a new form of temperaturedependence in intrinsic parameters of alpha-helix, and consequently in the coefficients of the n
Elie Simo, M.G. Kwato Njock
Physica Scripta
Photoionization transition matrix of hydrogenic systems are investigated theoretically within the framework of the tensorial formalism with relativistic arguments. Calculations are carried out exactly, without approximation. We derive continuum second-order Dirac-Coulomb Sturmian functions. The numerical simulation of our results is performed in the dipole approximation. We test our theory on selected nuclei from the Periodic Table. The results of the fully relativistic calculations are compared with those of the quasi-relativistic calculations. A conclusion is drawn about the level of reliability of the quite simplified quasi-relativistic approach.
Elie Simo, Timoléon Crépin Kofané
Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics
We analyze the influence of the fluctuations of polarization on the soliton transfer in one-dimensional biexciton molecular chains. Important modifications appear on the model Hamiltonian with different exciton-phonon coupling constants. The parameters of the solitary excitations (length and energy) are calculated. We show that the fluctuations of dipoles will increase the soliton width and its rest energy. Finally, a brief study of the statistical properties (partition function and specific heat) is done.
Elie Simo, Timoléon Crépin Kofané
Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics
The influence of a nonlinear spring and nonlinearity in exchange integrals in molecular chains are theoretically investigated in the presence of intramolecular vibrations of two different types. Considering a cubic term in the potential, we show that the anharmonic effect leads to a set of three coupled nonlinear equations (one Boussinesq equation and two nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations) for which we propose an exact soliton solution. The nonlinearity in the exchange integrals results in two coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations with saturable nonlinearity. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Elie Simo, Timoléon Crépin Kofané
Physica Scripta
The influence of a nonlinear spring and nonlinearity in exchange integrals on solitary excitations in molecular chains are theoretically investigated in the presence of intramolecular vibrations. In particular, we limit ourselves to a cubic anharmonic term which we can solve exactly if we go to the continuum limit. It has been shown that the anharmonic effect leads to a system of coupled ℬoussinesq (ℬq) and nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations allowing four types of soliton solutions. The parameters of the solitary excitations (length, energy) are calculated. These coupled soliton solutions are used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. The nonlinearity in the exchange integrals results in a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with saturable nonlinearity admitting stable solitions in higher dimensional models.
Elie Simo, Timoléon Crépin Kofané
Physics Letters A
Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, Elie Simo, Bernard Bali Tamegue
Innovative Energy Systems and Technologies
Among renewable energy sources, biomass offers notable advantages compared to fossil fuels regarding both cost and environmental effects. However, the high moisture content in biomass can adversely impact its combustion efficiency, leading to lower flame temperatures and an increase in the emission of harmful gases, which may cause operational and ecological challenges. Thus, it is necessary to dehydrate biomass before combustion for electricity generation. To enhance energy efficiency and reduce drying costs, an effective thermal integration between the steam power plant and the biomass drying process is crucial. This research conducts enthalpy evaluations on a biomass power facility utilizing agricultural waste, specifically dried banana peels, as fuel. The goal is to analyze energy efficiency, exergy, and CO2 emissions. The Rankine-Hirn cycle is employed to model the biomass power plant, focusing on exergy and environmental impacts. A custom Matlab code was developed to generate the results. Findings indicate that the ideal output enthalpy from the pump is 450 kJ/kg, corresponding to a peak exergy efficiency of 41%. The optimal enthalpy at the turbine outlet is 200 kJ/kg, yielding an energy efficiency of 95%. Maximum energy efficiency, reaching 88%, occurs when the enthalpy at the turbine inlet attains its optimal level of 3400 kJ/kg. This system can be used to generate electricity in areas where access is limited.
Jordan Nafack Nihako, Elie Simo, Derrick Duclos Abada Essouma, Maëlle Nanmegne Leutchouang, Christel Roseny Atteutsia Tsakem, Christelle Yolande Tchienou Tchienou and 3 more
Applied Research
ABSTRACT Photovoltaic modules are determinant in producing sustainable energy with a reduced environmental impact. This article explores the progressive modeling of photovoltaic modules, from the straightforward but approximate one‐diode model to the more accurate but more complex two‐diode model. It focuses on the parameters to be considered and the judicious choice of hypotheses to obtain electrical behavior close to that obtained experimentally for different environmental conditions. A reverse coupled saturation current and the Newton−Raphson method are both used for theoretical calculation and the simulation, respectively. Simulations show that the root mean square error (RMSE) on the I–V curves is reduced by 11.2% for irradiance of 1000 W/m² and by 28.3% on the P–V curves at 60°C. Additionally, the parallel resistance estimated with the two‐diode model is lower than with the single‐diode model (310 to 110.8 Ω), indicating a better consideration of leakage currents. Although the computation time is increased by around 40%, the improvement in accuracy justifies this added complexity. In conclusion, the study confirms the relevance of the two‐diode model for a more realistic representation of photovoltaic module performance under various environmental conditions.
Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, Mahamat Hassane Babikir, Venant Sorel Chara-Dakou, Hermann Noume Chopkap, Osée Mounkang, Armel Zambou Kenfack and 2 more
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, Mahamat Hassane Babikir, David Awakem, Hermann Noume Chopkap, Elie Simo and 1 more
SSRN Electronic Journal
Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, Réné Tchinda, Elie Simo, Mahamat Hassane Babikir, Daniel Roméo Kamta Legue, Hermann Chopkap Noume and 2 more
International Journal of Ambient Energy
In search of very small and ecological refrigeration machines, Stirling chillers are studied on a micro-scale. This article analyzes the performance of a Stirling microcooler using a new modeling approach. This micro-cooler consists of a pillar network as regenerator, a compression and expansion chamber suitable for batch manufacturing, Alpha configuration with helium as working fluid. The Schmidt model with imperfect regeneration is used with consideration of work losses due to gas spring hysteresis. The equations solved analytically using the laws of thermodynamics are used to evaluate the energy and exergy performance of the microcooler. The parameters like height and internal width of the regenerator, phase angle, temperature ratio, swept volume ratio, cooling pressure, dead volume ratio are studied. A numerical code is developed in Matlab. Results show that optimal parameters develop a cooling capacity of 18.99 mW at a phase angle of 45°, a coefficient of performance of 1.104 at an internal height of the regenerator of 0.85 mm, an ecological coefficient of performance of 10.9 mW, an exergy yield of 6.13%, a destroyed exergy of 0.66 mW. The comparison between the present work and those in the literature shows that the current micro-cooler explores a COP improvement of 35%.
Armel Zambou Kenfack, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Elie Simo
Results in Engineering
In order to achieve a sustainable, low-carbon energy future, it is necessary to develop innovative and integrated solutions. However, one of the main obstacles to the advancement of renewable energy is storage. With this in mind, hybrid systems combining solar energy and hydrogen production have great potential. This article focuses on the evaluation of a solar PV/T (photovoltaic-thermal) system coupled with an electrolyser for the joint production of hydrogen and heat. Simulations are performed in MATLAB. The analysis reveals that with PV/T power supply, the production potential is estimated at 179.6 W and 551.9 W respectively for electrical and thermal power. An in-depth study aimed at optimizing the system by evaluating the quality of the energy used in the water electrolysis process makes it possible to analyze the effect of certain operating parameters. With a water flow of 5.7 × 10 − 3 m 3 / h , a current density of 200 mA/ cm 2 and an electrolyzer temperature of 60 °C, the monthly production of hydrogen and oxygen reaches the maximum values of 4.85 m 3 and 2.42 m 3 respectively. This led to a maximum exergy efficiency of 57.8 %. This study demonstrates the linearity between hydrogen production and current density which at high density reduces exergy performance. • The values of the optimal parameters of the electrolyzer are presented. • A maximum exergy efficiency of 57.8 % is obtained. • A throughput threshold is obtained where performance is no longer significant. • A production of 4.85 m 3 and 2.42 m 3 respectively of hydrogen and oxygen is achieved.
Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Armel Zambou Kenfack, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Elie Simo
SSRN Electronic Journal
Armel Zambou Kenfack, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Elie Simo, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Boris Abeli Pekarou Pemi
Solar Energy Advances
Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid systems have until now encountered a real problem of sustainability-energy-cost concordance. Faced with this situation, new types of designs are in full expansion aimed at filling the limits of some. This therefore involves a very appropriate decision-making process. The energy, exergy, economic, environmental, energo-environmental, exergo-environmental, enviro-economic, energy-enviro-economic, exergo-enviro-economic and ergonomic analysis is carried out on seven PV/T configurations and therefore the simplified models are presented for a better interpretation of the mechanisms from different perspectives and the integration of a selection algorithm. Thus, an optimal selection methodology using the hybridization of genetic algorithms and multi-objective optimization by particle swarms based on ten performance indicators is proposed. The results obtained with good convergence and precision allow us to observe that the Air PV/T model is better. However, the study shows good viability of PV/T models with a cost of energy and a return on investment time all lower than 0.1$/kWh and 3 years respectively. Models with phase change materials (PCM) minimize thermal losses better than those with air, nanofluids or thermoelectric generator (TEG). The bifacial model stands out with a good energy-environmental balance compared to the water model which has a better durability index greater than 2.0 and a good ergonomic factor.
Armel Zambou Kenfack, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Elie Simo, Franck Armel Talla Konchou, Mahamat Hassane Babikir, Boris Abeli Pekarou Pemi and 1 more
Heliyon
To assess the production potential, economic profitability and ecobalance of the photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system in Cameroon, different configurations of HTF based on water, vegetable and synthetic oils, coupled with different forms of titanium dioxide ( TiO 2 ) are used. A numerical code is written in Matlab. The PV/T model connected in direct contact PV-absorber is validated and a multi-objective optimization of the system is performed. The hourly evolution of PV cell temperature for the six HTF configurations revealed a value below 36 °C with Coton/TiO 2 . The platelets-and spherical-shaped nanoparticles increase the convection transfer coefficient between the fluids and the tubes. TiO 2 showed a higher thermal influence in vegetable and synthetic oils than in water at a volume concentration of 4 %. The cotton/TiO 2 configuration showed a 12.08 % improvement in electrical efficiency over conventional PV systems with low exergy efficiency compared to water. Configurations with therminolVP-1/TiO 2 are better, with the proposed energy cost reduced to 33 % of the price of electricity in Cameroon. The PV/T-Palm/TiO 2 system showed an energy cost of $0.03 with a net present value of $568.45, an emission rate of 7.78 kg, a reversibility index of 1.95, an annual cost of $7.07 and a payback time of 5.97yr. This shows that PV/T systems based on vegetable oils are economical.
Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, Mahamat Hassane Babikir, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Hermann Noume Chopkap, Osée Mounkang, Armel Zambou Kenfack and 2 more
SSRN Electronic Journal
Armel Zambou Kenfack, Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Elie Simo, Ghislain Junior Bangoup Ntegmi, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou
Heliyon
With the aim of diversifying different energy sources and achieving net zero emissions, hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) represent the future of the world. However, several HRES simulation software do not integrate the Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. This article designs an optimal design model for a tri-hybrid Photovoltaic/thermal/hydroelectric (PV/T/H) system for a rural locality in the North Cameroon region. The two Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies used reveal that the DSM strategy significantly reduced the energy cost by 59 % and the emission by CO 2 22 % compared to the No-DSM mode. Although the use of battery storage (BSS) is used in both cases, the optimal solutions obtained thanks to the multi-objective optimization method implemented on Matlab led to 418 PV/T panels, 2 MH generators, 2 diesel generators (DG) and 217 PV/T panels and 1 DG for DSM and No-DSM mode respectively. This study is a demonstration of the effect of dynamic tariffs and active demand management technologies on PV/T/H modeling and optimization. It also reveals the need to hybridize PV/T with other energy systems to increase performance and achieve net zero emissions.
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